“…However, the low reserves of lithium in the earth limit its application in energy storage. 10 In recent years, researchers began to pay attention to other kinds of metal elements, and developed abundant ion batteries, such as K + , 11 Ca 2+ , 12 Mg 2+ , 13 and Al 3+ , 14 and Na-Zn 15 and Al-Zn 16 mixed ion batteries. Water-based zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have the advantages of low redox potential (−0.76 V), high theoretical specic capacity, being environmentally friendly and the moderate crustal abundance of zinc, which has attracted the wide attention of researchers.…”