Efficient and monolithic polarization conversion system based on a polarization grating

Kim, Ji‐Hwan; Komanduri, Ravi K.; Lawler, Kristopher F.; Kekas, D. Jason; Escuti, Michael J.

doi:10.1364/ao.51.004852

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Different chromophores as well as a manifold of polymer architectures have been explored looking for materials able to register stable gratings with high sensitivity for volume holographic recording 7a,20,21. In addition, polarization gratings have also been used to implement other optical elements and devices such as polarization conversion systems, optical elements to generate beams with orbital angular momentum, and spectropolarimeters capable of characterizing polarimetric parameters of light in real time across different wavelengths with applications in optical remote sensing, biomedical imaging, and telecommunications …”

Section: Molecular Alignment Enabled By Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light to Shape the Future: From Photolithography to 4D Printing

Barrio

Sánchez‐Somolinos

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

196

147

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producing increasingly complex patterned films and miniaturized devices, which are required in modern information and communication technologies. [1] In addition to semiconductor device fabrication, a host of applications for patterned thin films and structured polymeric systems have been identified over the last two decades in areas including optics, energy harvesting, biotechnology, and medicine. [2] Our ability to structure polymeric materials has grown tremendously and the palette of materials and techniques to achieve a quick and reliable production of patterns with increasing resolution is quite extensive. This boom has been largely sustained by the development of specific photonic technologies, such as advanced light sources or spatial light modulators, photosensitive materials, and, more importantly, our growing knowledge of the interaction between light and matter. Indeed, the ability to control a chemical reaction with light in a remote fashion is a powerful concept. Light irradiation can initiate a photochemical process that otherwise would not occur at ambient conditions. This property lies at the origin of the temporal control afforded by simply turning the light source on and off. Moreover, patterned illumination or the use of focused light beams enables control of not only when, but also where a photoinduced transformation occurs. The photochemical processes occurring in many polymers and resists can be effectively manipulated by fine-tuning the intensity and frequency of light. However, these are just two of the primary properties of light, and there are specific photoresponsive systems that enable the generation of ordered structures by adjusting the polarization of light, in addition to intensity and frequency.In this review, an overview of photochemical reactions, photosensitive polymers, and light-based structuring techniques is provided. As this field is too broad to be covered in depth in one single article, some recent examples and applications, as well as emerging opportunities and trends, are highlighted throughout the discussion. Section 2 is focused on light-induced reactions and photosensitive materials. The fundamentals of photochemical reactions and their implementation in polymer science have been overviewed in many excellent books and reviews. [3] In Section 2, rather than being comprehensive, emphasis is given to those photochemical processes lying at the basis of those structuring techniques that are later discussed in Section 3. Some of these techniques, including conventional mask lithographies, interference lithographies, direct laser writing (DLW) with one-or two-photon processes, or stereolithographic techniques, make use of light as a structuring tool.There is an additional group of techniques where light is employed to set a structure created beforehand through a Over the last few decades, the demand of polymeric structures with welldefined features of different size, dimension, and functionality has increased from various application areas, including microelectronics, ...

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Section: Molecular Alignment Enabled By Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light to Shape the Future: From Photolithography to 4D Printing

Barrio

Sánchez‐Somolinos

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

196

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A relay lens (L4) then re-localizes the prism's interference onto a phase mask (PM). This mask, which is created as a louvered waveplate [18], enables the experimental simulation of piecewise linear phase errors across the WP's interference pattern. After transmission through the phase mask, the light is then analyzed by a linear polarizer (A) with a transmission axis of 0 degrees with respect to the x axis.…”

Section: Experimental Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural network calibration of a snapshot birefringent Fourier transform spectrometer with periodic phase errors

Luo

Kudenov

2016

Opt. Express

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Systematic phase errors in Fourier transform spectroscopy can severely degrade the calculated spectra. Compensation of these errors is typically accomplished using post-processing techniques, such as Fourier deconvolution, linear unmixing, or iterative solvers. This results in increased computational complexity when reconstructing and calibrating many parallel interference patterns. In this paper, we describe a new method of calibrating a Fourier transform spectrometer based on the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). In this way, it is demonstrated that a simpler and more straightforward reconstruction process can be achieved at the cost of additional calibration equipment. To this end, we provide a theoretical model for general systematic phase errors in a polarization birefringent interferometer. This is followed by a discussion of our experimental setup and a demonstration of our technique, as applied to data with and without phase error. The technique's utility is then supported by comparison to alternative reconstruction techniques using fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and linear unmixing.

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“…An additional feature of MTRs is that they are easily applied on patterned substrates, including louvered wave plates [3,21,22], vector vortex-plates [23,24], broadband polarization gratings [23,25], and beyond. This will be the topic of a subsequent study.…”

Section: Multi-twist Retarder (Mtr) Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-twist retarders: broadband retardation control using self-aligning reactive liquid crystal layers

Komanduri¹,

Lawler²,

Escuti³

2013

Opt. Express

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135

100

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We report on a family of complex birefringent elements, called Multi-Twist Retarders (MTRs), which offer remarkably effective control of broadband polarization transformation. MTRs consist of two or more twisted liquid crystal (LC) layers on a single substrate and with a single alignment layer. Importantly, subsequent LC layers are aligned directly by prior layers, allowing simple fabrication, achieving automatic layer registration, and resulting in a monolithic film with a continuously varying optic axis. In this work, we employ a numerical design method and focus on achromatic quarter- and half-wave MTRs. In just two or three layers, these have bandwidths and general behavior that matches or exceeds all traditional approaches using multiple homogenous retarders. We validate the concept by fabricating several quarter-wave retarders using a commercial polymerizeable LC, and show excellent achromaticity across bandwidths of 450-650 nm and 400-800 nm. Due to their simple fabrication and many degrees of freedom, MTRs are especially well suited for patterned achromatic retarders, and can easily achieve large bandwidth and/or low-variation of retardation within visible through infrared wavelengths.

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Efficient and monolithic polarization conversion system based on a polarization grating

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Light to Shape the Future: From Photolithography to 4D Printing

Light to Shape the Future: From Photolithography to 4D Printing

Neural network calibration of a snapshot birefringent Fourier transform spectrometer with periodic phase errors

Multi-twist retarders: broadband retardation control using self-aligning reactive liquid crystal layers

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