Efficient and stable subzero operation of a PEM fuel cell with a composite anode using hydrogen-methanol composition during freeze/thaw cycles

Ivanova, Nataliya A.; Spasov, Dmitry D.; Mensharapov, Ruslan M.; Кукуева, Е. В.; Zasypkina, Adelina A.; Фатеев, В. Н.; Grigoriev, S.A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.05.298

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The values of the water channel sizes are presented in Table 4 . Due to the lower crystallization temperature, methanol acts as antifreeze [ 17 , 18 ] and prevents the formation of ice from the excess moisture. The solidification temperature of a water-methanol solution (20 vol.% of methanol) is about −13 °C [ 51 ], but the small size of ionic domains and the presence of sulfonic groups reduces the freezing point of a water-methanol mixture in the volume of the membrane channels to lower values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it requires additional equipment, complicates the shutdown/start-up strategy, and significantly increases the time to start up PEMFC and achieve operational characteristics. More promising methods are the use of alcohol mixtures instead of water for the membrane swelling [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] or the use of hydrophilic additives involved in the binding of free water [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. These approaches make it possible to significantly increase the service life of the MEA components under conditions of subzero temperatures, and to start up and shutdown PEMFCs without additional stages and equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

Mensharapov

Ivanova²,

Spasov³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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In this study, we performed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the structure of Nafion® membranes. The effect of freeze/thaw (F/T) cycles (from ambient temperature down to −40 °C) on the membrane nanostructure was considered for the first time. The SAXS measurements were taken for different samples: a commercial Nafion® 212 membrane swollen in water and methanol solution, and a water-swollen silica-modified membrane. The membrane structure parameters were obtained from the measured SAXS profiles using a model-dependent approach. It is shown that the average radius of water channels (Rwc) decreases during F/T cycles due to changes in the membrane structure as a result of ice formation in the pore volume after freezing. The use of water-methanol solution (methanol content of 20 vol.%) for the membrane soaking prevents changes in the membrane structure during F/T cycles compared to the water-swollen membrane. Modification of the membrane surface with silica (SiO2 content of 20 wt.%) led to a redistribution of water in the membrane volume and resulted in a decrease in Rwc. However, Rwc for the modified membrane did not decrease with the increasing number of F/T cycles due to the involvement of SiO2 in the sorption of membrane water and, therefore, the prevention of ice formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

Mensharapov

Ivanova²,

Spasov³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…In the work, a demonstration setup of a mobile power supply based on PEMFC short stack (3 cells) with a rated power of 50 W was used. For the manufacture of module components and assembly of cells and stack, the techniques presented in detail in [7,44] were used. The working area of a rectangular electrode (5.0 × 8.5 cm 2 ) was about 42.5 cm 2 .…”

Section: Assembling Of Pemfc Stackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using build-in catalytic heater

Ivanova,

Baranov,

Kalinnikov

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The paper report on the cold start of fuel cell with proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) at – 40 °C using a catalytic heating unit integrated directly into the PEMFC bipolar plates. This technical solution increases the heat transfer efficiency up to 60% due to direct contact of the membrane-electrode assembly with the heating unit, and ensure a successful cold start of the fuel cell from – 40 °C to an operating temperature of 35 °C within 6 minutes at air flow rate of 150 mL/min. The hydrogen flow rate is 45 cm3/s, which corresponds to a hydrogen concentration in the air flow of ca. 1.8 vol.%, which is below the autoignition point and ensures the safety of the proposed method. Uniform distribution of heat over the bipolar plates surface prevents dehydration and thermal degradation of the membrane electrode assembly components and improve the PEMFC performance after cold start.

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“…Its oxidation potential is 0.016 V, as indicated in Table 1, which is significantly lower than that of OER. [ 53 ] Incomplete methanol oxidation can be achieved by utilizing nonnoble metal catalysts, forming formic acid, a product with a higher added value. [ 54 ] Consequently, methanol oxidation represents an ideal alternative to OER, and it has emerged as one of the most extensively researched AORs.…”

Section: Aor Catalyst Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction on Precious‐Metal‐Free catalysts: Mechanism, activity, and selectivity

Shi,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Carbon Neutralization

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The electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) is pivotal for the development of sustainable energy. The complete oxidation of alcohols has attracted extensive attention as a vital process in fuel cells. Moreover, as an alternative reaction to the oxygen evolution reaction, the selective oxidation of alcohols emerges as an effective means to lower the energy expenditure associated with electrolytic hydrogen production while yielding high‐value products. Nonprecious metal materials have been widely applied in the selective oxidation catalysis of alcohols due to their cost‐effectiveness and excellent durability. In recent years, leveraging the advantages of nonprecious metal materials in electrocatalytic AOR, researchers have delved into catalytic mechanisms and various efficient catalysts have been fabricated and evaluated. This review provides an overview of the current advancements in the electrocatalytic selective oxidation of diverse alcohols and the catalytic systems centered around nonprecious metal materials. It systematically summarizes the shared traits and distinctions in catalytic reaction characteristics across various systems, thereby laying the theoretical foundation for developing novel catalyst systems that are efficient, stable, and highly selective. This review will facilitate the utilization of nonprecious metal catalysts further toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols.

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Efficient and stable subzero operation of a PEM fuel cell with a composite anode using hydrogen-methanol composition during freeze/thaw cycles

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

SAXS Investigation of the Effect of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on the Nanostructure of Nafion® Membranes

Cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using build-in catalytic heater

Electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction on Precious‐Metal‐Free catalysts: Mechanism, activity, and selectivity

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