Efficient broadband Raman pulses for large-area atom interferometry

Butts, David L.; Kotru, Krish; Kinast, J.; Radojevic, Antonije M.; Timmons, Brian; Stoner, R. E.

doi:10.1364/josab.30.000922

Cited by 58 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…[15] and compares favorably to results from Refs. [11,13,18]. Using velocity-selected samples with temperatures of ∼100 nK along the Raman beam axis, we observed a nominal increase in contrast, suggesting that inhomogeneity in the temperature-dependent Doppler detuning was not a dominant loss mechanism.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…Since this area is proportional to momentum separation, sensitivity can be enhanced using atom optics that generate large momentum transfer (LMT). Previous demonstrations of atom interferometry with LMT atom optics have taken several approaches, including sequential application of stimulated Raman transitions [11,12], Raman composite pulses [13], and stimulated Raman adiabatic rapid passage (STIRAP) pulses [14], as well as application of multiphoton-Bragg transitions [15][16][17], and Bloch oscillations in an optical lattice [18,19].In most of these demonstrations, cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) were either evaporatively cooled or velocity selected-both of which typically discard >90% of the original atom sample. A reduced atom number is detrimental to atom shot-noise-limited measurement uncertainty and to operation at fast data rates.…”

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Large-Area Atom Interferometry with Frequency-Swept Raman Adiabatic Passage

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate light-pulse atom interferometry with large-momentum-transfer atom optics based on stimulated Raman transitions and frequency-swept adiabatic rapid passage. Our atom optics have produced momentum splittings of up to 30 photon recoil momenta in an acceleration-sensitive interferometer for laser cooled atoms. We experimentally verify the enhancement of phase shift per unit acceleration and characterize interferometer contrast loss. By forgoing evaporative cooling and velocity selection, this method lowers the atom shot-noise-limited measurement uncertainty and enables large-area atom interferometry at higher data rates. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.103001 PACS numbers: 37.25.+k, 03.75.Be, 03.75.Dg Light-pulse atom interferometry (LPAI) is a preeminent method for precision measurements of inertial forces [1,2] and fundamental physical constants [3,4]. Highly sensitive LPAI systems may be an enabling technology for nextgeneration inertial navigators [5][6][7], gravitational wave detectors [8], and tests of the equivalence principle [9]. Nevertheless, many light-pulse atom interferometers are presently limited by atom beam splitters and mirrors that create small momentum separations (two photon recoil momenta) between diffracting wave packets. The sensitivity of these interferometers typically increases with the effective area enclosed by the interfering wave packets [10]. Since this area is proportional to momentum separation, sensitivity can be enhanced using atom optics that generate large momentum transfer (LMT). Previous demonstrations of atom interferometry with LMT atom optics have taken several approaches, including sequential application of stimulated Raman transitions [11,12], Raman composite pulses [13], and stimulated Raman adiabatic rapid passage (STIRAP) pulses [14], as well as application of multiphoton-Bragg transitions [15][16][17], and Bloch oscillations in an optical lattice [18,19].In most of these demonstrations, cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) were either evaporatively cooled or velocity selected-both of which typically discard >90% of the original atom sample. A reduced atom number is detrimental to atom shot-noise-limited measurement uncertainty and to operation at fast data rates. A slower data rate results because, following every measurement cycle, the steady-state atom number in the MOT must be recovered primarily from roomtemperature atoms. When cold atoms are recaptured, however, fewer atoms must be loaded from the roomtemperature background vapor, thus allowing the data rate to be increased above 100 Hz [20]. High data rates are crucial for atom interferometric measurements of dynamic signals, such as rapidly varying accelerations and rotations of moving platforms, as well as strains from high frequency (∼10 Hz) gravitational waves [8,19]. The fastest data rates with evaporative cooling have been limited to ≤1.3 Hz [21]; velocity selection at high data rates requires the added complexity of a 2D MOT to maintain atom number [22].In this Letter, we demonstra...

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Large-Area Atom Interferometry with Frequency-Swept Raman Adiabatic Passage

et al. 2015

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“…By applying a π y -pulse between the two π/2 x pulses, the frequency sensitivity of the interferometer is shifted away from zero and coherence time is lengthened as can be seen by the red upper curve in Figure 9. Note that the axis of rotation of the π pulse is shifted from the π/2 pulses by 90 • for added robustness to pulse errors (see [28] for example). For technical reasons associated with the data collection system, we are not able to take data out until the system decays down to the same level as the Ramsey sequence and therefore, we can not easily fit a decaying exponential.…”

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confidence: 99%

A frequency selective atom interferometer magnetometer

Braje

DeSavage²,

Adler

et al. 2014

Journal of Modern Optics

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In this article, we discuss the magnetic-field frequency selectivity of a time-domain interferometer based on the number and timing of intermediate π pulses. We theoretically show that by adjusting the number of π pulses and the π -pulse timing, we can control the frequency selectivity of the interferometer to time varying and DC magnetic fields. We present experimental data demonstrating increased coherence time due to bandwidth filtering with the inclusion of a π pulse between the initial and final π/2 pulses, which mitigates sensitivity to low frequency magnetic fields.

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“…Intensity and magnetic field gradients, distributions over Zeeman sub-states and uncorrected Doppler shifts all cause such systematic perturbations in atom interferometry. Simple composite pulse methods have already been applied to atom interferometry to increase the interferometer area and sensitivity [14,15].…”

Section: Composite Pulse Techniques For Fidelity Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocimetry, Cooling and Rotation Sensing by Cold-Atom Matterwave Interferometry

Carey

Elcock

Saywell

et al. 2017

Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM) 2017

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Interferometric measurement of an atom's velocity allows, by tailoring the impulse imparted by the matterwave-splitting laser pulses, a velocity-dependent force that cools an atomic sample. Differential measurement reveals the sample's acceleration and rotation.OCIS codes: (020.1335) Atom optics; (020.3320) Laser cooling; (120.5790) Sagnac effect; (120.7250) Velocimetry Interferometric velocimetryRaman matterwave interferometry [1] commonly uses pairs of laser beams, similar in frequency but opposite in wavevector, to couple atomic states of similar electronic configuration and energy but different linear momentum. The momentum difference gives the radiative interaction a velocity-dependence, which may be overcome if the interaction is limited to pulses short enough to be broad in bandwidth, but which persists between pulses in the phase drift between the atomic superposition and the laser oscillator. The small frequency difference between the coupled states means that there is negligible spontaneous emission, and that the beam pair can be produced with phase precision by radio-frequency modulation of a single master laser. With these ingredients, atom interferometry has been shown to be a precise means of inertial measurement [2][3][4].The evolution of the wavefunction of an atom, as it moves with respect to, but between the pulses of, an interacting optical field, may be viewed from two perspectives. From that of the optical apparatus, the coupled atomic states differ in kinetic energy, and the phase of their superposition therefore accrues because of the difference in classical action between their trajectories. Viewed from the inertial frame of the atom, the phase of the optical field varies as the apparatus moves and presents different points for the stationary atom to sample. The result is a relative phase φ between the atomic superposition and the optical field which, if the field is resonant for a stationary atom, depends after a time t upon the atom's velocity v:where k eff is the effective wavevector of the Raman field, equal to the wavevector difference between its components, and v R is the recoil velocity ℏk eff /m for atoms of mass m.Whether regarded as interference of the de Broglie matterwave, or of the optical wave transferred via an atomic resonator, the interference fringes of a two-pulse Ramsey interferometer show a sinusoidal dependence of the transferred population upon time, with a periodicity determined by the velocity component along k eff . Single velocity components may be found from the fringes' periodicity, and distributions from their Fourier transform. Interferometric coolingInterferometric measurement of the atomic velocity is accompanied by a radiative impulse, for atoms receive an impulse of ℏk eff when they are transferred between the two interferometer states. By tailoring the interferometer period and introducing an adjustable phase between the two interferometer pulses, it may be arranged that this impulse on average opposes the atom's velocity, and an atomic sampl...

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Efficient broadband Raman pulses for large-area atom interferometry

Cited by 58 publications

References 21 publications

Large-Area Atom Interferometry with Frequency-Swept Raman Adiabatic Passage

Large-Area Atom Interferometry with Frequency-Swept Raman Adiabatic Passage

A frequency selective atom interferometer magnetometer

Velocimetry, Cooling and Rotation Sensing by Cold-Atom Matterwave Interferometry

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