Efficient continuous-wave nonlinear frequency conversion in high-Q gallium nitride photonic crystal cavities on silicon

Mohamed, Mohamed Sabry; Simbula, Angelica; Carlin, J.‐F.; Minkov, Momchil; Gerace, Dario; Savona, Vincenzo; Grandjean, N.; Galli, Mattéo; Houdré, R.

doi:10.1063/1.4974311

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We note that a total (i.e. loaded) quality factor of 44, 000 has already been experimentally measured for a GaN PhC cavity [22], suggesting that Q e approaching 10 5 should be realistic in state-ofthe-art systems. CONCLUSION We conclude by discussing the merits of the cavity presented here in comparison to previous works.…”

Section: Cavity Modes and Figures Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 61%

Doubly resonant χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Minkov¹,

Gerace²,

Fan³

2019

Optica

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110

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Photonic nanostructures simultaneously maximizing spectral and spatial overlap between fundamental and second-harmonic confined modes are highly desirable for enhancing second-order nonlinear effects in nonlinear media. These conditions have thus far remained challenging to satisfy in photonic crystal cavities because of the difficulty in designing a band gap at the second-harmonic frequency. Here, we solve this issue by using instead a bound state in the continuum at that frequency, and we design a doubly-resonant photonic crystal slab cavity with strongly improved figures of merit for nonlinear frequency conversion when compared to previous photonic crystal designs. Furthermore, we show that the far-field emission at both frequencies is highly collimated around normal incidence, which allows for simultaneously efficient pump excitation and collection of the generated nonlinear signal. Our results could lead to unprecedented conversion efficiencies in both parametric down conversion and second harmonic generation in an extremely compact architecture.

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Section: Cavity Modes and Figures Of Meritmentioning

confidence: 61%

Doubly resonant χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Minkov¹,

Gerace²,

Fan³

2019

Optica

Self Cite

110

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“…For example, TMD MLs have been shown to give rise to efficient second‐harmonic generation (SHG), due to their broken inversion symmetry . This property is retained by our domes —as demonstrated in Figure d for an ordered array of WS 2 domes excited at 900 nm, which could thus conceivably act as site‐controlled SHG “hot spots,” ideal for the integration with specifically designed photonic crystal cavities . One should also notice that the intense second‐harmonic signal featured by the domes in Figure d indicates a >96% formation yield of one‐ML‐thick domes.…”

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confidence: 74%

Controlled Micro/Nanodome Formation in Proton‐Irradiated Bulk Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

et al. 2019

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The notable transformation of the electronic properties of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) when reduced to a single X-M-X plane (X: chalcogen; M: metal) [1] makes them suitable for flexible, innovative optoelectronic devices, [2][3][4] and transistors. [5] Like graphene, few-layer TMDs can also withstand surprisingly large mechanical deformations, [6][7][8][9] which, coupled to the material's electronic structure, would enable the observation of nondissipative topological transport, provided a periodic modulation of strain is attained. [10][11][12][13] TMD monolayers (MLs) and nanostructures are also important for their catalytic role in the cost-effective production of hydrogen. [14][15][16] These examples share the need to achieve spatial control of the material's properties, over sample regions with size ranging from the nano [14,16] to the micrometer [16] scale lengths.In this study, we present a route toward the patterning of TMDs based on the effects of low-energy proton irradiation [17] on the structural and electronic properties of bulk WS 2 , WSe 2 , WTe 2 , MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , and MoTe 2 . Suitable irradiation conditions trigger the production and accumulation of H 2 just beneath the first X-M-X basal plane, leading to the localized exfoliation of the topmost monolayer and to the formation of spherically shaped domes. Structural and optical characterizations confirm that these domes are typically one ML-thick and contain H 2 at pressures in the 10-100 atm range, depending on their size. Such high pressures induce strong and complex strain fields acting on the curved X-M-X planes, that are evaluated by means of a mechanical model. The domes' morphological characteristics can be tuned by lithographically controlling the area of the sample basal plane participating in the hydrogen production process. This results in the unprecedented fabrication of robust domes with controlled position/density and sizes tunable from the nanometer to the micrometer scale, that, by virtue of their inherently strained nature and geometry, might prompt a variety of applications.The samples, consisting of thick (tens to hundreds of MLs) TMD flakes, were obtained by mechanical exfoliation, deposited on Si substrates, and afterwards proton-irradiated using a Kaufman source (see the Experimental Methods). Differently from the other works in the literature concerning protonirradiation of TMDs-where beams with energies ≥10 5 eV are used, [18] aiming at the controlled formation of defects in the irradiated samples-here we irradiate the flakes with low energy At the few-atom-thick limit, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit strongly interconnected structural and optoelectronic properties. The possibility to tailor the latter by controlling the former is expected to have a great impact on applied and fundamental research. As shown here, proton irradiation deeply affects the surface morphology of bulk TMD crystals. Protons penetrate the top layer, resulting in the production and progressive accumulation of molecular hydr...

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“…Indeed, recent progress in design optimization has produced photonic crystal cavities displaying an ultra-high quality factor, both in silicon [69] and in wide-bandgap materials [70]. These latter have demonstrated high-efficiency optical nonlinearity of both second and third order [71].…”

Section: Optimal Driving Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional photon blockade

2017

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We review the unconventional photon blockade mechanism. This quantum effect remarkably enables a strongly sub-Poissonian light statistics, even from a system characterized by a weak single-photon nonlinearity. We revisit the past results, which can be interpreted in terms of quantum interferences or optimal squeezing, and show how recent developments on input-output field mixing can overcome the limitations of the original schemes towards passive and integrable single-photon sources. We finally present some valuable alternative schemes for which the unconventional blockade can be directly adapted.

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Efficient continuous-wave nonlinear frequency conversion in high-Q gallium nitride photonic crystal cavities on silicon

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Doubly resonant χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Doubly resonant χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Controlled Micro/Nanodome Formation in Proton‐Irradiated Bulk Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

Unconventional photon blockade

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Efficient continuous-wave nonlinear frequency conversion in high-Q gallium nitride photonic crystal cavities on silicon

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Doubly resonant χ(2) nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Doubly resonant χ(2) nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Controlled Micro/Nanodome Formation in Proton‐Irradiated Bulk Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides

Unconventional photon blockade

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Doubly resonant χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum

Doubly resonant χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear photonic crystal cavity based on a bound state in the continuum