This paper studies the competitiveness of listed companies in high-end equipment manufacturing industry by using random forest. Random forest is a supervised machine learning algorithm that is actually based on the regression and classification. It takes some important decisions that are always based upon the set of samples. It counts majority for the classification purposes while it takes an average for the regression. For empirical analysis, 88 listed companies are selected. It is found that there are great differences in comprehensive competitiveness among industries. Enterprise scale accounts for a high proportion in the comprehensive competitiveness, and its score often affects the comprehensive strength; and the gap between companies in the same industry is also obvious. The empirical evaluation results of this paper provide three enlightenments for enterprises to improve their comprehensive competitiveness, such as seizing the strategic opportunity to expand the market, expand the scale of enterprises, improve asset management, and narrow the industry gap.