Efficient dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by the ionic liquid,1-hydroxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate

Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid over Fe/HY zeolite catalyst

“…The same trend has been previously reported [27,30,40,41,49]. In a study by Weingarten et al, the experimental data was modelled using a power law approach [28], where the kinetic model has been made for a wide range of acid concentrations.…”

InCl 3 -catalyzed conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in biphasic system

“…Recent progresses have been achieved in HMF production from the cheap and abundant glucose in ionic liquids, organic solvents, water, and biphasic systems (He et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2013;Qu et al, 2012;Choudhary et al, 2013). During the above processes, the efficient downstream separation of HMF from highboiling organic solvents or ionic liquids and the recycling of the reaction media pose challenges to the commercialization of these catalytic systems.…”

Facile, One-Pot, Two-Step, Strategy for the Production of Potential Bio-Diesel Candidates from Fructose

“…As shown in Figure 3, at low temperatures, the formation of 5-HMF was slight or almost null; therefore, further acetalization or etherification reactions of 5-HMF were not possible, indicating that the initial reaction stage is the key step in the process. It has been Catalysts 2017, 7, 237 6 of 14 reported that fructose dehydration using DMSO could be promoted at temperatures above 140 • C [23], which also promoted the reactions to form DMMF and MMF. Figure 3 depicts a typical behavior of a consecutive reaction system, showing that the maximum HDMF concentration was reached at 150 • C. Upon further increasing the temperature, both the etherification of the dimethyl acetal of 5-HMF and the formation of humins were facilitated [22].…”