Efficient electrochemical sensor for trace detection of sulfamethazine in spring water: Use of novel nanocomposite material coated with Ag or Au nanoparticles

Voltametric Sensor Based on Magnetic Chitosan Acetylindole-Based Nanocomposite for the Determination of Sulfamethazine

“…It is observed that, with further increasing the pH value, potential of the oxidation peak ( E p ) shifts gradually toward more negative value, proving the involvement of H + in the SMZ oxidation process. The plots of E p vs pH values display a linear relationship that is described in the following equation: E p ( v ) = 1.24 ‐ 0.045 nobreak0em0.25em⁡ normalp normalH , goodbreak0em1em⁣ r 2 = 0.989 the measured value (−0.045 V/pH) is comparable to the theoretical Nernstian value (−0.059 V/pH); thus, the oxidation process of SMZ involves an equal number of H + and electrons . Moreover, the increment in pH values from 3.0 to 7.0, resulted in an increase in the peak current observed during the oxidation of SMZ, with the highest peak observed at pH 7.0.…”

“…The electrochemical response via the M-Chs-Aci/CPE is presented in Figure . The peak oxidative current increased remarkably linearly when the SMZ concentration increased from 0.08 to 6.0 M. Additionally, an obvious linear relationship between the concentration of SMZ (0.08 to 6.0 μM) and the peak of oxidative current was found, as illustrated in insets of Figure ; the equation of such a linearity trend is provided by eq . using the following formulas: (LOD = 3 s/m) and (LOQ = 10 s/m), the LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 0.021 μM and 0.071 μM, respectively, where S refers to the standard deviation of the peak current (3 cycles) of the linearity range at the minimum concentration and m represents the slope of the calibration equation . These results demonstrated the high sensitivity (5.84 μA/μM) of the new electrochemical sensor toward the SMZ oxidation.…”

“…The plots of E p vs pH values display a linear relationship that is described in the following equation: the measured value (−0.045 V/pH) is comparable to the theoretical Nernstian value (−0.059 V/pH); thus, the oxidation process of SMZ involves an equal number of H + and electrons. 2 Moreover, the increment in pH values from 3.0 to 7.0, resulted in an increase in the peak current observed during the oxidation of SMZ, with the highest peak observed at pH 7.0. However, with a further increase in pH, a gradual decrease in the current signal was observed.…”

“…Sulfa-medicines (sulfonamides) are widely used as antibacterial agents for treating many infectious diseases. Particularly, sulfamethazine (SMZ) is a sulfa medication with high antibacterial effectiveness that is frequently recommended for the therapeutic treatments of livestock illnesses, including gastrointestinal infections and respiratory tract infections, as well as growth supplements. , However, the excessive use of SMZ can contaminate food and drinking water, posing potential risks to human health. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop precise methods for the sensitive detection of SMZ in food and environmental samples, which requires significant research efforts.…”

An Electrochemical Sensor for Sulfadiazine Determination Based on a Copper Nanoparticles/Molecularly Imprinted Overoxidized Polypyrrole Composite

“…Some sensors were based on direct electrochemical detection on different types of electrode materials: glassy carbon [ 38 ], boron-doped diamond [ 39 ], or bismuth film [ 38 ]. Different nanomaterials were used for enhancing the sensitivity of the detection of SDZ: rare earth compounds [ 36 , 40 , 41 ], phthalocyanines [ 42 , 43 ], manganese and zinc oxides [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], vanadium and bismuth sulfides [ 38 , 41 ], metallic nanoparticles [ 40 ], and carbonaceous nanomaterials [ 38 , 39 , 42 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. In addition to the various MIP-based sensors designed, different polymers were also used for MIP fabrication: polyacrylate [ 25 , 26 ], PEDOT [ 34 ], and PPy [ 35 ].…”