“…In this review, we discussed how new epimerases can be discovered [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], as well as methods to improve their stability and activity via protein engineering [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 28 ], the application of B. subtilis [ 11 , 25 , 29 ], and the potential of immobilization techniques to enhance performance [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. These advancements have the potential to significantly reduce production time and costs associated with D -allulose biosynthesis.…”