“…For example, the design explorer algorithm used in Khodaparast et al (2012) delivers faster results than the pure optimization techniques. The German Aerospace Center used a surrogate model fed by their CFD solver TAU and applied a gradient-based optimization technique for accurately identifying critical load cases (Ripepi et al, 2018;Goertz et al, 2020). Guzman Nieto et al (2019 propose a framework based on the efficient global optimization algorithm (Jones et al, 1998) and the Kriging meta-model to estimate critical dynamic aeroelastic loads.…”