Efficient High Performance FPGA based NoSQL Caching System for Blockchain Scalability and Throughput Improvement

Sanka, Abdurrashid Ibrahim; Cheung, Ray C. C.

doi:10.1109/icseng.2018.8638204

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although the whole blockchain does not need to be stored, the increased number of lightweight nodes may significantly lead to workload on blockchain servers. As a result, the scalability and throughput of blockchain applications would be affected [27].…”

Section: ) Number Of Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, user data sharing could be performed at critical times, such as accidents, to provide fast treatment and prevent the delay of process in a timely manner. A caching system was proposed by Sanka and Cheung [27] through FPGA due to low resource consumption and low power performance. Originally, high power and resource consumption occur when cached by CPU during high workload.…”

Section: ) Redesigning Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This review focuses on how blockchain addresses scalability challenges and provides solutions in the healthcare field through the implementation of blockchain technology. However, several challenges persists, including the number of nodes [10], [15], [19], [27], [28], transactions [9], [10], [15], [28]- [30], high volume of data [13], [20], [30], [32], [33], protocol challenges [9], [10], [15], [28], [34], and block size [10], [12], [30]. To achieve productive benefits, current technology should be developed by solving these challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scalability Challenges in Healthcare Blockchain System—A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Blockchain technology is a private, secure, trustworthy, and transparent information exchange performed in a decentralised manner. In this case, the coordination and validation efforts are simplified as the records are designed to update regularly and there is no difference in the two databases. This review focuses on how the blockchain addresses scalability challenges and provides solutions in the healthcare field through the implementation of blockchain technology. Accordingly, 16 solutions fell under two main areas, namely storage optimization and redesign of blockchain. However, limitations persist, including block size, high volume of data, transactions, number of nodes, and protocol challenges. This review consists of six stages, namely identification of research question, procedures of research, screening of relevant articles, keywording based on the abstract, data extraction, and mapping process. Through Atlas.ti software, the selected keywords were used to analyse through the relevant articles. As a result, 48 codes and 403 quotations were compiled. Manual coding was performed to categorise the quotations. The codes were then mapped onto the network as a mapping process. Notably, 16 solutions fell under two main areas, namely storage optimization and redesign of blockchain. Basically, there are 3 solutions compiled for storage optimization and 13 solutions for the redesign of the blockchain, namely blockchain modelling, read mechanism, write mechanism, and bi-directional network.

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Section: ) Number Of Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Redesigning Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scalability Challenges in Healthcare Blockchain System—A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…The architecture also provides witness services to enable sub-chains transactions and cross chain transactions. Sanka and Cheung proposed to cache the blockchain data in the FPGA key value store in network interface controller (NIC) to improve the scalability and throughput of blockchain applications [37]. In the proposed solution, to improve the performance, all the hashed values are stored in a customized SHA-256 hash core and an actual hashing operation is performed only when the requested one is not a hashed value.…”

Section: Performance Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Challenges and Progresses in Blockchain Technologies: A Performance and Security Perspective

Zheng

Zhu

2019

Applied Sciences

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Blockchain naturally fits multiple industry sectors due its characteristics of decentralization, enhanced security, tamper-proof, improved traceability and transparency. However, there is a significant concern of blockchain’s performance, since blockchain trades off its performance for a completely distributed feature, which enhances its security. In this paper, we investigate the state-of-the-art progress of blockchain, mainly from a performance and security perspective. We extracted 42 primary papers from major scientific databases and 34 online technical articles. The objective is to understand the current research trends, challenges and future directions. We briefly introduce the key technologies of blockchain including distributed ledger, cryptography, consensus, smart contracts and benchmarks. We next summarize the performance and security concerns raised in the investigation. We discuss the architectural choices, performance metrics, database management enhancements, and hybrid blockchains, and try to identify the effort that the state-of-the-art has made to balance between the performance and security. We also make experiments on Ethereum and survey other popular blockchain platforms on the scalability feature of blockchain. We later discuss the potential applications and present the lessons learned. Finally, we attempt to identify the open issues and possible research directions.

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“…Besides the above-mentioned issues, a lot of research needs to be done to improve blockchain performance and scalability from various design viewpoints, such as hardware mining [92], hybrid consensus mechanisms [93], off-chain [94], and on-chain [95], solutions, standardization, and regional blockchain design [71].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of V2X Communication and Integration of Blockchain for Security Enhancements

et al. 2020

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With the rapid evolution in wireless communications and autonomous vehicles, intelligent and autonomous vehicles will be launched soon. Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communications provides driving safety, traffic efficiency, and road information in real-time in vehicular networks. V2X has evolved by integrating cellular 5G and New Radio (NR) access technology in V2X communications (i.e., 5G NR V2X); it can fulfill the ever-evolving vehicular application, communication, and service demands of connected vehicles, such as ultra-low latency, ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-high reliability, and security. However, with the increasing number of intelligent and autonomous vehicles and their safety requirements, there is a backlash in deployment and management because of scalability, poor security and less flexibility. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) plays a significant role in bringing cloud services closer to vehicular nodes, which reduces the scalability and flexibility issues. In addition, blockchain has evolved as an effective technology enabler to solve several security, privacy, and networking issues faced by the current 5G-based MEC systems in vehicular networks. Blockchain can be integrated as a strong security mechanism for securing and managing 5G V2X along with MEC. In this survey, we discuss, in detail, state-of-the-art V2X, its evolution based on cellular 5G technology and non-cellular 802.11bd. We investigate the integration of blockchain in 5G-based MEC vehicular networks for security, privacy protection, and content caching. We present the issues and challenges in existing edge computing and 5G V2X and, then, we shed some light on future research directions in these integrated and emerging technologies.

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Efficient High Performance FPGA based NoSQL Caching System for Blockchain Scalability and Throughput Improvement

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Scalability Challenges in Healthcare Blockchain System—A Systematic Review

Scalability Challenges in Healthcare Blockchain System—A Systematic Review

A Survey on Challenges and Progresses in Blockchain Technologies: A Performance and Security Perspective

Evolution of V2X Communication and Integration of Blockchain for Security Enhancements

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