Efficient Integration of Fixed-Step Capacitor Banks and D-STATCOMs in Radial and Meshed Distribution Networks Considering Daily Operation Curves

Abstract

The problem regarding the optimal integration of efficient reactive power compensation in radial and meshed distribution networks using fixed-step capacitor banks and distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) is addressed in this research paper by proposing a master–slave optimization methodology. Radial and meshed distribution topologies are considered for the grid structure while including variable active and reactive demand curves. An economic analysis is performed, considering the net present value of the optimization plan, as well as the costs of energy losses and the capacitor banks’ acquisition, installation, and operation. In the case of the D-STATCOMs, an annualized costs analysis is presented. In the master stage, the discrete version of the generalized normal distribution optimization (GNDO) algorithm selects the nodes and the sizes of the capacitor banks. In the slave stage, the successive approximations power flow approach is implemented. Numerical results in the IEEE 33-bus grid (with both radial and meshed topologies) and the IEEE 85-bus grid (with a radial configuration) demonstrated the proposed master–slave optimization’s effectiveness in minimizing the project’s expected net present value for a planning period of five years. Moreover, a simulation in the IEEE 69-bus grid under peak operation conditions showed that the GNDO approach is an excellent optimization technique to solve the studied problem when compared to combinatorial and exact optimization methods. In addition, numerical validations considering D-STATCOMs in the IEEE 85-bus grid confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the GNDO approach in addressing problems associated with optimal reactive power compensation in medium-voltage distribution systems.

Efficient Allocation and Sizing the PV-STATCOMs in Electrical Distribution Grids Using Mixed-Integer Convex Approximation

“…This operating condition generates active and reactive power losses of 210.9876 kW and 143.1283 kvar, respectively. The test system's peak demand, resistance, and reactance values can be found in Table 1 and were sourced from [33]. 3 illustrates the radial topology of the IEEE 69-EDS.…”

“…This operating condition generates apparent power losses of 224.9520 + j102.3559 kVA, respectively. The maximum power consumption and the branch impedance parameters for the IEEE 69-EDS can be found in Table 2 and were sourced from [33]. 3 illustrates the radial topology of the IEEE 69-EDS.…”

Solving the Power Flow Problem in Bipolar DC Asymmetric Distribution Networks Using Broyden’s Method

“…The information regarding branches and monopolar and bipolar power consumptions is presented in Table 3 [ 21 ].…”

Analysis of the Effect of Capacitor Placements at High and Low Voltage Transformer Sides as Voltage Profile and Total Cost in Distribution Systems

“…In particular, it is necessary to mention the differences of price and operation cost of capacitor banks according to voltage and power losses in whole grid. Recently, controlled capacitor banks applied in distribution system such as D-SVC, D-STATCOM can help to compensation capacity continuously as required of loads to meet voltage constraints in allowable limits [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, installed capacity of the capacitors at each bus needs to be determined according to the maximum load consumption and minimum economic function.…”