Efficient Laser Image Engraving by Work Area Sectioning and Multi-laser Head Cooperation: A Conceptual Study

Kim, Yeon-Woo; Song, Shin-Hyung

doi:10.1007/s12541-023-00871-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…After this treatment, structural changes occur on the surface of the wood, accompanied by melting and formation of a carbonised layer. This is reflected in altered wood surface morphology, discolouration and changes in other surface properties [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of CO2 Laser Engraving on the Surface Structure and Properties of Spruce Wood

Kúdela,

Andrejko,

Kubovský

2023

Coatings

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This work appraises the influence of CO2 laser irradiation on mass loss, morphology, chemical changes and discolouration of spruce wood surfaces. The amount of energy applied to the surface was expressed as the total irradiation dose, which was demonstrated to have a strong impact on increasing wood weight loss. Along with increasing mass loss, surface roughness also increased, resulting from the differences in density between the early wood and late wood. The evaluated roughness parameters increased linearly with increasing irradiation dose and mass loss. At the maximum irradiation dose, the Ra parameter value parallel to the fibre direction showed a 6-fold increase; perpendicular to the grain, the increase was as much as 33.5-fold. Similar differences were also observed for the parameter Rz. At the lowest laser power and the lowest raster density, the engraved spruce wood surface exhibited some evidence of discolouration (ΔE* ≅ 9). An additional increase in the amount of supplied energy clearly resulted in a novel surface colour compared to the original (ΔE* = 12). The chemical analysis of the wood surface revealed that the discolouration was mainly caused by heat-induced cleavage of C=O groups in the lignin and hemicellulose structures. Part of these structures (so-called chromophores) are responsible for the natural colour of the wood as well as for colour changes caused by engraving. The detected dependences of the wood mass loss and colour values on the total radiation dose are the basis for achieving targeted modifications of spruce wood surfaces using a laser beam.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of CO2 Laser Engraving on the Surface Structure and Properties of Spruce Wood

Kúdela,

Andrejko,

Kubovský

2023

Coatings

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Green Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Using Laser Surface Texturing Without Toxic Chemicals: A Review

Chu,

Shehroze,

Tran

et al. 2024

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

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Discolouration and Chemical Changes of Beech Wood After CO2 Laser Engraving

Kúdela,

Kubovský,

Andrejko

2024

Forests

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This study evaluated the influence of infrared laser radiation produced by a CO2 laser, performing under different engraving parameters, on the colour changes and chemical composition of a beech wood surface. The results showed that the lightness clearly decreased with increasing laser power and density. At the highest laser power and the highest raster density, the ΔL* value was 51.3. The values of coordinates a* and b* moderately increased up to a raster density of 5 mm−1; then, with a subsequent raster density increase, the values of these coordinates decreased again. However, the coordinate values were positive in all cases. Even the lowest laser power and raster density resulted in conspicuous discolouration or even a completely new colour compared to the original (ΔE = 10) of the beech wood surface. Further increases in the laser power and raster density resulted in progressively pronounced colour differences and a darker brown colour of the surface. The ATR-FTIR chemical analysis of the beech wood surface revealed that discolouration was mainly caused by heat-induced processes associated with the degradation of carbonyl groups (C=O) in lignin and hemicelluloses. The splitting of C=O bonds induced changes in the content of chromophores responsible for the natural wood colour and for the engraving-related discolouration. The study demonstrates that the amount of energy supplied onto the wood surface by a laser beam using diverse combinations of radiation parameters can be represented by a single variable: the total irradiation dose. The functional relation detected between this variable and the colour differences may serve as a basis for using a controlled laser beam for targeted wood surface discolouration to improve the quality of patterns transferred onto a wood surface. Knowledge of this relation will enable the targeted setting of the laser parameters during engraving so that the laser beam can be used as a tool for transferring high-quality patterns onto wood surfaces.

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Efficient Laser Image Engraving by Work Area Sectioning and Multi-laser Head Cooperation: A Conceptual Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of CO2 Laser Engraving on the Surface Structure and Properties of Spruce Wood

The Effect of CO2 Laser Engraving on the Surface Structure and Properties of Spruce Wood

Green Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Using Laser Surface Texturing Without Toxic Chemicals: A Review

Discolouration and Chemical Changes of Beech Wood After CO2 Laser Engraving

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