Efficient minority carrier detrapping mediating the radiation hardness of triple-cation perovskite solar cells under proton irradiation

Lang, Felix; Jost, Matthias; Bundesmann, J.; Denker, A.; Albrecht, Steve; Landi, Giovanni; Neitzert, H. C.; Rappich, Jörg; Nickel, N. H.

doi:10.1039/c9ee00077a

Cited by 103 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the detrapping and the resulting complex carrier decay must be considered for the correct characterization of OMHPs. The important role of detrapping in the lifetime measurements was also recently discussed by Lang et al (33). A trapping/detrapping ratio of 3.7 estimated by averaging the values in Table 1 is in agreement with 3.4 in mixed hybrid perovskites reported previously (33).…”

Section: Analysis Of Drift Mobility Lifetime and Mobility-lifetime supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Previous studies detected several deep traps in MAPbBr 3 with activation energies of 1.05, 1.5, and 0.7 eV ( 12 – 14 ), a concentration of 10 11 cm −3 ( 12 ), and capture cross sections in the range of 10 −17 to 10 −15 cm 2 ( 12 , 43 ). Less studied shallow traps demonstrate activation energies in the range of 0.15 to 0.3 eV ( 12 , 33 , 43 ). Estimation of the activation energy and other parameter of defects such as concentration is beyond the scope of this study and will be considered in our future studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials processing such as optimization of growth parameters, doping, or purification can reduce the trap density. Recently several studies showed that combining Cs and Rb in quadruple cation (Rb-Cs-FA-MA) perovskite mixtures increases the effective mobility and decreases the trap density, resulting in solar cells with the highest stabilized power efficiency (33).…”

Section: Nature and Chemistry Of Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering the effect of traps on electronic charge transport properties of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite

et al. 2020

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Halide perovskites have undergone remarkable developments as highly efficient optoelectronic materials for a variety of applications. Several studies indicated the critical role of defects on the performance of perovskite devices. However, the parameters of defects and their interplay with free charge carriers remain unclear. In this study, we explored the dynamics of free holes in methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals using the time-of-flight (ToF) current spectroscopy. By combining ToF spectroscopy and Monte Carlo simulation, three energy states were detected in the bandgap of MAPbBr3. In addition, we found the trapping and detrapping rates of free holes ranging from a few microseconds to hundreds of microseconds. Contrary to previous studies, we revealed a strong detrapping activity of traps. We showed that these traps substantially affect the transport properties of MAPbBr3, including mobility and mobility-lifetime product. Our results provide an insight on charge transport properties of perovskite semiconductors.

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Section: Analysis Of Drift Mobility Lifetime and Mobility-lifetime supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nature and Chemistry Of Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering the effect of traps on electronic charge transport properties of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite

et al. 2020

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“…All‐perovskite tandems are particularly well suited for the aerospace/UAV applications due to high specific power and the relative ease of fabrication on lightweight substrates, with a demonstrated single junction >29 W g −1 power density [ 42,43 ] as well as the excellent radiation tolerance for single junctions. [ 245–247 ] There has already been a report of a 21.3% all‐perovskite tandem made on a lightweight, flexible polyethylene tetrapthalate (PET) substrate. [ 51 ] However, one issue to consider is that the exact E g s to reach the highest efficiencies for deployment in the upper atmosphere (AM1.0) are slightly lower than for terrestrial (AM1.5G) applications.…”

Section: The Space Race: What It Takes To Get a Bankable Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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power conversion efficiencies (PCE) certified over 25% [9] merely 10 years after their first report (no small feat). [10,11] Perovskites have also made rapid progress in stability [12] (which is arguably their Achilles heel) now with regular reports of thousands of hours, [13-17] reaching up to one year, [18] of device operational stability, even at elevated temperatures. [19,20] Finally, there have been impressive efforts in scaling the MHP deposition methods to maintain film uniformity over larger areas, through the use of novel solvent chemistries [21-23] and a variety of processing techniques [24,25] which has culminated in a certified 17.25% PCE for a ≈20 cm 2 module [26] and 17.9% PCE for a >800 cm 2 module. [27] An additional unique characteristic of MHPs is the ability to widely tune the composition of ABX 3 where A is usually a mixture of methylammonium (MA +), formamidinium (FA +) and cesium (Cs +); B can be a mixture of Pb 2+ and Sn 2+ ; and X is typically a mixture of I − , Br − , and Cl −. Changing the composition allows the bandgap (E g) to be modulated from ≈1.2 to >2.4 eV. [28-32] A large range of compositions and bandgaps have been used to make solar cells with PCEs over 20%. [4,33-39] The ability to reach high efficiencies at a wide range of bandgaps naturally motivates the use of perovskites in multijunction photovoltaics with various absorbers employed in tandem. By coupling together two MHPs with complementary bandgaps into a tandem device (Figure 1A), the incident solar spectrum can be more efficiently converted than in a single bandgap device by reducing the thermalization losses. This loss reduction increases the maximum attainable PCE. [40] Pairing the high efficiency (>30%) with the promises for ultralow cost manufacturing and light weight makes all-perovskite tandems one of the most exciting PV technologies in a generation. This combination of characteristics not only has the potential to further lower the solar electricity costs, but also to open the field to applications beyond the capabilities of the crystalline silicon dominant market, such as unmanned aerial vehicles. [41-44] While single-junction perovskite cells currently have demonstrated the highest efficiencies among polycrystalline thin-film PVs, they are likely to have a maximum practical efficiency of ≈28% PCE whereas all-perovskite tandems have a clear path to well over 30%. [40,45] There has been a flurry of work on monolithic, 2-terminal (2T) perovskite-based tandems, pairing a wide-E g MHP with materials such as low-E g tin/lead (Sn/Pb) Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have transfixed the photovoltaic (PV) community due to their outstanding and tunable optoelectronic properties coupled to demonstrations of high-power conversion efficiencies (PCE) at a range of bandgaps. This has motivated the field to push perovskites to reach the highest possible performance. One way to increase the efficiency is by fabricating multijunction solar cells, which can split the solar spectrum, reducing thermalization loss. Low-cost all-pero...

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“…Over a period of only few years, solar cells based on organic–inorganic halide perovskites exceeded a power conversion efficiency of 24.2% . This fast development became possible due to long carrier diffusion lengths, high carrier mobility, high absorption coefficients, and a tunable bandgap. For example, Noh et al changed the bandgap from 1.57 to 2.3 eV by changing the halogen composition from iodine to bromide, whereas Ogomi et al achieved a variation of the bandgap from 1.17 to 1.55 eV by alloying CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 with Sn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Induced Defect Generation in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Thin Films and Single Crystals

et al. 2019

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In a period of only a few years, the power conversion efficiency of organicinorganic perovskite solar cells has surpassed a value of 24.2%. However, a major drawback is the lack of long-term stability, which is partially related to the dissociation of organic cations under prolonged illumination. This degradation mechanism is not limited to ambient temperatures. At low temperatures (T ¼ 5 K), illumination of methyl ammonium lead iodide (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) thin films with a photon energy of E ph ¼ 3.4 eV results in the formation of localized trap states located about 100 meV within the bandgap. These light-induced defects are metastable, and annealing at T ≥ 15 K removes the localized states. Defect creation is not limited to polycrystalline perovskites but is also observed in single-crystal CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . The experimental data are discussed in terms of a two-level model where the metastable state is separated from the annealed state by an energy barrier.

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Efficient minority carrier detrapping mediating the radiation hardness of triple-cation perovskite solar cells under proton irradiation

Abstract: Although highly energetic proton irradiation forms localized trap states in triple cation perovskites, solar cells possess exceptional radiation hardness.

Cited by 103 publications

References 77 publications

Deciphering the effect of traps on electronic charge transport properties of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite

Deciphering the effect of traps on electronic charge transport properties of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite

Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

Light‐Induced Defect Generation in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Thin Films and Single Crystals

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Efficient minority carrier detrapping mediating the radiation hardness of triple-cation perovskite solar cells under proton irradiation

Abstract: Although highly energetic proton irradiation forms localized trap states in triple cation perovskites, solar cells possess exceptional radiation hardness.

Cited by 103 publications

References 77 publications

Deciphering the effect of traps on electronic charge transport properties of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite

Deciphering the effect of traps on electronic charge transport properties of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite

Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics

Light‐Induced Defect Generation in CH3NH3PbI3 Thin Films and Single Crystals

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Light‐Induced Defect Generation in CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Thin Films and Single Crystals