Efficient mode conversion in telecommunication fibre using externally written gratings

Hill, K. O.; Malo, B.; Vineberg, K.A.; Bilodeau, François; Johnson, D. C.; Skinner, Iain

doi:10.1049/el:19900818

Cited by 234 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The CO 2 -laser-induced LPFGs have found many promising applications in optical telecommunications such as band-rejection filters, 5,61,160-162 gain equalizers for erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers ͑EDFAs͒, 6,22,163-165 in-fiber polarizers, 25,166 couplers, 167,168 and mode converters 169 because of their bandstop filtering capability and selective mode coupling between the fundamental mode and the cladding modes.…”

Section: Communication Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

222

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: Communication Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

222

134

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“…The amplitudes of the fundamental mode (m) and the higher order mode (n) are governed by (9) and (10). By expanding the grating function into a 2-D Fourier series along x and z directions, as given by (12), (13), (14), and assuming effective grating length mm, the Fourier coefficients and corresponding harmonics can be found easily.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An All-Optical Switching Based on Resonance Breaking With a Transient Grating

Akın

Dinleyici

2010

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-A new resonance breaking in-fiber switch as an all-optical network component is investigated and presented. A transient grating is applied to break the transverse resonance of the fundamental waveguide mode and the power coupled into the higher order propagating mode is computed using coupled mode theory (CMT). The coupling of the modes with the grating forming beams in the evanescent region of the waveguide is investigated with four wave mixing (FWM). High conversion efficiency is calculated in the case of perfect phase matching at communication wavelength 1550 nm. The conversion efficiency of the proposed structure is considered in terms of third-order nonlinear susceptibility, and the effect of design and tuning parameters are investigated for grating forming geometry and laser beam intensity, respectively.

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“…In this case, the phase difference to be overcome by such gratings is much smaller, thus the period Λ is much larger, typically within the range of a few hundred micrometers. These so-called long period gratings (LPGs) [7,16,17] also have larger bandwidths of the order of 10 nm. Large bandwidths can also be obtained in reflection with a chirped FBG (CFBG).…”

Section: Laser and Photonics Reviews J Thomas Et Al: Femtosecond Pulsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea of direct writing was introduced in [16]: The fiber mounted on a translation stage is illuminated for a fixed time by a focused laser beam. High-NA (> 0.4) microscope objectives are used for focusing [45,48,[54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Direct Writingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

Thomas

Voigtländer

Becker

et al. 2012

Laser & Photonics Reviews

160

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The use of ultrashort laser pulses for fiber grating inscription has many advantages in comparison to continuous wave and long pulse lasers. The most important one is that it allows inscription in nonphotosensitive fiber materials. In this paper the principal inscription techniques and the physical properties of femtosecond (fs) pulse written in-fiber gratings are reviewed. The role of focusing and order walk-off on the inscribed structures is emphasized. A fs pulse written fiber Bragg grating (FBG) also has a unique coupling behavior, due to a refractive index change that is independent from the fiber geometry. Selected applications of such gratings for sensing and fiber lasers are discussed.

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Efficient mode conversion in telecommunication fibre using externally written gratings

Cited by 234 publications

References 5 publications

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

An All-Optical Switching Based on Resonance Breaking With a Transient Grating

Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

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