Efficient Modelling and Simulation of Process Chains in Sheet Metal Forming and Processing

Cwiekala, Tim; Brosius, Alexander; Tekkaya, A. Erman; Grydin, Olexandr; Schaper, Mirko; Bach, Friedrich‐Wilhelm; Barthel, Clemens; Svendsen, Bob

doi:10.1002/srin.200806192

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, extended by the Hall–Petch equation this model was suited to calculate yield stresses of the dual phase microstructure. Thus, in combination with previously determined data the proposed models can be used to predict the material properties along the process chain of deep drawing, cutting and heat treatment of the air‐hardening steel LH800.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [6] a further description of the mechanical properties of the material with a ferritic microstructure and its behavior under a reverse loading was investigated. The obtained quantitative data on the kinematic hardening proved that this steel underlies the Bauschinger effect.…”

Section: Current State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The secondary carbides are uniformly dispersed in the ferrite grains and size from 10 to 50 nm. In Ref . a further description of the mechanical properties of the material with a ferritic microstructure and its behavior under a reverse loading was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Properties of Mixed Ferritic–Martensitic Microstructures in the Air‐Hardening Steel LH800

Grydin

Nürnberger

Zou

et al. 2014

steel research int.

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Processing of thin metal sheets of air‐hardening steels differs from the usual processing and includes deep drawing in the ferritic condition, a cutting operation and a thermal treatment of austenitizing, air quenching and an optional tempering, respectively. The mechanical properties of the low carbon steel LH800 increase due to air‐hardening, e.g., the tensile strength rises from about 480 MPa in the as‐delivered ferritic condition up to more than 1000 MPa in the martensitic condition. The experimental work aims to create a dual phase microstructure consisting of martensite and ferrite by austenitizing below the Ac3 temperature and to characterize the mechanical properties. Based on the experimental data mechanical properties and microstructural parameters could be correlated. For example, the tensile strength can be calculated using the rule of mixture for the microstructure fractions of martensite and ferrite. The yield stress can be predicted by extending the rule of mixture regarding the Hall–Petch equation. As the results reveal the mechanical properties can be controlled very well regarding tensile strength and yield stress by austenitizing at comparatively low temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation and Properties of Mixed Ferritic–Martensitic Microstructures in the Air‐Hardening Steel LH800

Grydin

Nürnberger

Zou

et al. 2014

steel research int.

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“…the steel can be easily hardened by air cooling. More detailed information about this steel's cold formability in an annealed state as well as its heat treatability can be found elsewhere …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Microstructural and Mechanical Performance on Example of an Air‐Hardening Steel

et al. 2019

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Because of an excellent combination of strength and ductility, mono-phase lowalloyed steels with a bimodal grain size are an appropriate alternative to conventionally cold-rolled and annealed steels as well as to steels with a dual-phase microstructure. This study investigates how the microstructure of a low-alloyed air-hardening steel either with a homogeneous, a dual-phase, or a bimodal grain structure influences its mechanical and fatigue performances. The homogeneous ferritic grain microstructure of the steel sheets is adjusted by an intercritical annealing at 790 C, along with subsequent air hardening to obtain a dual-phase state. Then, the ferritic-martensitic material is cold-rolled and annealed at 550-700 C to produce different bimodal grain microstructures. The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties are characterized. An annealing temperature of 600 C is considered to be the optimal temperature resulting in pronounced bimodal grain size distribution. The sheet with a bimodal microstructure exhibits a higher strength and equal ductility compared to one with a homogeneous ferritic microstructure. Additionally, high-cycle fatigue tests of the material with a bimodal microstructure shows its superior fatigue behavior at a loading of above 800 000 cycles compared with both the homogeneous ferritic microstructure as well as the dual-phase microstructure.

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“…The model's verification demonstrates good agreement between the computed and experimental results. Based on the metallographic examinations of the microstructure and the tensile‐compression tests, a work‐hardening model was derived in ref 5. and validated by means of a FEM simulation of the draw‐bending test.…”

Section: Current State Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cold Forming and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Air‐Hardening Steel

Grydin¹,

Rodman²,

Schaper³

2012

steel research int.

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The use of air‐hardening steels in the manufacture of automobile body components shortens the corresponding process chain by means of eliminating the immersion or gas quenching operation since hardening occurs in still air. To choose the optimal forming and heat‐treatment parameters, the development of the microstructure needs to be considered as a consequence of the thermomechanical production processes. The object of this work is to investigate the effects of forming and the subsequent heat‐treating on the changes of the microstructural parameters for the air‐hardening steel LH800. For this purpose, specimens were processed under different forming and heat‐treating conditions and subsequently examined by means of SEM and mechanically tested using tensile tests. Based on this, an empirical equation was derived which describes the influence of both the martensite's bundle thickness and the original austenite's grain size on the yield stress. In this way, microstructural parameters can be identified which lead to good mechanical properties. The measured correlation can thus be used for modeling the LH800 steel's forming and heat‐treatment processes.

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Efficient Modelling and Simulation of Process Chains in Sheet Metal Forming and Processing

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Formation and Properties of Mixed Ferritic–Martensitic Microstructures in the Air‐Hardening Steel LH800

Formation and Properties of Mixed Ferritic–Martensitic Microstructures in the Air‐Hardening Steel LH800

Relationships between Microstructural and Mechanical Performance on Example of an Air‐Hardening Steel

Influence of Cold Forming and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Air‐Hardening Steel

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