Efficient monochromator to isolate VUV light generated by four-wave mixing techniques

Abstract

The lateral chromatic aberration from a LiF lens, which is positioned off-axis with respect to the incident light beams, is used to isolate the VUV light generated by the four-wave mixing technique from the intense pump light. The transmittance of the monochromator at the VUV wavelength is limited by the transmittance of a single lens. The ratio of transmitted-to-incident pump energy is 3.3 x 10(-6). A single monochromator with two interchangeable lenses can be used for either tightly focused or collimated pump beams.

A photoionization mass spectroscopic study on the formation of phosphanes in low temperature phosphine ices

“…Despite the isovalency, similar experimental conditions (temperature, radiation exposure) have been shown to produce far larger hydrides of phosphorus than those of isoelectronic nitrogen. [46][47][48] individual isomers by selectively photoionizing these isomers with VUV photons exploring four-wave difference and sum mixing 31,55 ultimately exploring the complexity of novel inorganic molecules synthesized via non-traditional techniques such as low temperature electron irradiation of simple precursor ices. The method of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single photon ionization to detect inorganic compounds synthesized through non-classical, radiation induced synthetic pathways with the extremely sensitive ReTOFMS-PI technique has proven to be far more illuminating than traditional experiments employing only FTIR and RGA mass spectroscopic analysis to identify complex phosphanes.…”

“…The ices were monitored on line and in situ during the irradiation using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR, Nicolet 6700) over a range of 6000 cm À1 to 500 cm À1 at 4 cm À1 resolution. The VUV light was separated from the fundamental using a lithium fluoride (LiF) plano-convex lens 31 (ISP Optics, LF-PX-38-150) based on distinct refractive indices of the lens material for different wavelengths and then directed 1 mm above the ice surface. During the sublimation, the molecules were probed via reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Jordan TOF Products, Inc.) after photoionization (ReTOFMS-PI) at 118.2 nm (10.49 eV).…”

Synthesis of the Smallest Member of the Silylketene Family: H3SiC(H)=C=O

“…The resonant four‐wave mixing output was obtained by combining this beam with 441.2 nm (2.81 eV) or 426.1 nm (2.91 eV) or 411.9 nm (3.01 eV) or 369.0 nm (3.36 eV) photons (ω 1, generated by Sirah, Precision Scan dye laser, using DCM, Pyridine 1 and 2 dyes) in xenon (1–2×10 −4 torr). The VUV light was separated from the fundamental using a lithium fluoride (LiF) biconvex lens (ISP Optics) based on distinct refractive indices of the lens material for different wavelengths and then directed 1 mm above the ice surface . The photoionized molecules were extracted to the direction of the focusing regions by an extraction plate (−190 V).…”

“…[23] The 129.2 nm (9.60 eV) photons were generated by resonant four-wave mixing (w uv = 2w 1 Àw 2 )i nK rypton (2 10 À4 torr). For this purpose, 202.3 nm (6.13 eV; w 1 )l ight was generated utilizing ad ye laser ( [24] (ISP Optics) based on distinct refractive indices of the lens material for different wavelengths and then directed 1mma bove the ice sur- ChemPhysChem 2017, 18,882 -889 www.chemphyschem.org face. [23] The photoionized molecules were extracted to the direction of the focusing regions by an extraction plate (À190 V).…”

High intensity vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet production by noncollinear mixing in laser vaporized media

“…12,13 In this wavelength range, MgF 2 and LiF optics can be employed for focusing or dispersing the VUV from the much more intense UV and visible beams with modest power losses, e.g., by transmission through a lens held off of the optical axis. 11,13,14 The optical transmission of window materials decreases sharply at shorter wavelengths, falling to zero for LiF at λ < 104 nm. 15 For MgF 2 , the only other material capable of transmitting light at λ < 140 nm, the transmission cutoff occurs at 116 nm.…”