“…Numerous literature works have reported applications of advanced control in fermentation processes [2,3,7,8,[18][19][20][21][22][23], involving dynamic programming, online adaptive control, nonlinear optimization, nonlinear control, optimal control, multivariable control, model reference control, fuzzy control, and model predictive control (MPC), etc. These types of methods have gained increasing popularity because of their strong capability in dealing with process nonlinearity, dynamics and optimization.…”