Efficient Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Bacterial Inactivation by Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Starch-Doped Magnesium Hydroxide Nanostructures

Abstract

The removal of hazardous pollutants from water is becoming an increasingly interesting topic of research considering their impact on the environment and the ecosystem. This work was carried out to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and starch-doped magnesium hydroxide (g-C 3 N 4 /St-Mg(OH) 2 ) nanostructures via a facile co-precipitation process. The focus of this study is to treat polluted water and bactericidal behavior with a ternary system (doping-dependent Mg(OH) 2 ). Different concentrations (2 and 4 wt %) of g-C 3 N 4 were doped in a fixed amount of starch and Mg(OH) 2 to degrade methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution with bactericidal potential against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pathogens. The textural structures, morphological evolutions, and optical characteristics of the as-prepared samples were analyzed using advanced characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction confirmed the hexagonal phase of Mg(OH) 2 with improved crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed Mg(OH) 2 stretching vibrations and other functional groups. UV−visible spectroscopy exhibited a red shift (bathochromic effect) in absorption spectra representing the decrease in energy band gap (E g ). Photoluminescence patterns were recorded to study recombination of charge carriers (e − and h + ). A significant enhancement in photodegradation efficiency (97.62%) and efficient bactericidal actions against E. coli (14.10 mm inhibition zone) and S. aureus (7.45 mm inhibition zone) were observed for higher doped specimen 4% g-C 3 N 4 /St-Mg(OH) 2.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe-Doped Cadmium Oxide Showed Bactericidal Behavior and Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysis

“…This investigation (Figure c) indicated that the TOC of produced compounds under visible light irradiation decreased steadily with reaction time, and a considerable quantity of mineralization of dye was noticed after 150 min in Fe (6 wt %)-doped CdO. Moreover, results suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. , The comparison of the current work with the literature, in terms of photocatalytic activity and reaction time is shown in Table .…”

Fabrication of 2D graphene oxide incorporating S-scheme Sn2S3–In2S3 heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic mineralization of organic pollutants

“…The rate constant also depends on the different parameters of the photo reactor. 44 According to Selli et al (2000), photocatalytic degradation kinetics ( k ) was computed using the following pseudo-first-order kinetic equation 45 …”

Toward Efficient Bactericidal and Dye Degradation Performance of Strontium- and Starch-Doped Fe2O3 Nanostructures: In Silico Molecular Docking Studies

“…This allowed us to calculate the rate constant represented in Figure 6a− suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. 65,66 The bactericidal effectiveness of bare Fe 2 O 3 , St/Fe 2 O 3 , and (2, 4 wt %) Sr/St-doped Fe 2 O 3 NSs was obtained from inhibition zone measurements via an agar-well diffusion assay for S. aureus (G +ve) and E. coli (G −ve) as mentioned in Table 2. Specific concentrations (1.0 mg/50 μL and 0.5 mg/50 μL) of bare and Sr/St-Fe 2 O 3 NSs were filled in concerning wells, and CF (0.05 mg/50 μL) was utilized as a positive control for the comparison; meanwhile, DI water (50 μL) was used as the negative control.…”

“…This investigation (Figure ) indicated that the TOC of produced compounds under visible light irradiation decreased steadily with reaction time, and a considerable quantity of mineralization of dye was noticed after 180 min in Sr/St-Fe 2 O 3 (4%). Moreover, results suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. , …”

“…Moreover, results suggest that the dye may undergo a series of intermediate transformations before its deterioration ultimately leads to its complete mineralization. 65 , 66 …”