Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Passivated Tin Oxide as an Electron Transport Layer

Lee, Yonghui; Lee, Seung Hwan; Seo, Gabseok; Paek, Sanghyun; Cho, Kyung Taek; Huckaba, Aron J.; Calizzi, Marco; Choi, Dong Won; Park, Jin‐Seong; Lee, Dong‐Wook; Lee, Hyo Joong; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

doi:10.1002/advs.201800130

Cited by 136 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Higher CB position of amorphous SnO 2 can lead to an improvement of V OC in PSCs. Recently, Lee et al further improved the planar PSCs up to 20.03% using the low‐temperature ALD process . They found that SnO 2 ETL prepared by low‐temperature processed ALD should be passivated because of its metal‐like nature.…”

Section: Metal Oxides For Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Shin

Lee

Seok

2019

Adv Funct Materials

215

130

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Currently, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is ≈24%. For the fabrication of such high efficiency PSCs, it is necessary to use both electron and hole transport layers to effectively separate the charges generated by light absorption of the perovskite layer and selectively transfer the separated electrons and holes. In addition to the efficiency, the materials used for transporting charges must be resilient to light, heat, and moisture to ensure long-term stability of PSCs; furthermore, low-cost fabrication is required to form a charge transport layer at low temperatures by a solution process. For this purpose, metal oxides are best suited as charge transport materials for PSCs because of their advantages such as low cost, long-term stability, and high efficiency. In this Review, the metal oxide electron and hole transport materials used in PSCs are reviewed and preparation of these materials is summarized. Finally, the challenges and future research direction for metal oxide-based charge transport materials are described. 10% by using a submicrometer-thick mp-TiO 2 film and solid type hole transporting materials (HTM). [1a,16] We first reported an efficiency of 12% using an ≈400 nm thick mp-TiO 2 electrode and a polymeric HTM (poly-triarylamine, PTAA). [17] Subsequently, the thickness of mp-TiO 2 was reduced to less than 200 nm, and the efficiency was improved by over 22% by controlling the surface morphology, [4] composition, [18] and defect [19] of the perovskite optical absorber using the same PTAA.

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Section: Metal Oxides For Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface modification methods, such as surface passivation and bilayer structure, are the most popular techniques currently used to improve the efficiency and stability of SnO 2 based planar PSCs . As mentioned earlier, the functional SAM modification is an effective method .…”

Section: Metal Oxides For Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Shin

Lee

Seok

2019

Adv Funct Materials

215

130

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theimprovement in stability attributes to the better interface properties,f ollowed by the mesoporous layer protection of the interface.A sm entioned in many device stability reports for n-i-p structure,t he long-term stability of PSC is significantly affected by the ETL/perovskite interface. [16,24,25,42,43] Thef atal short plate in the n-i-p device structure originates from the electrons accumulated at the interface and the water/oxygen permeation from the periphery of the device. Therefore,i mproving the bonding ability of the ETL/perovskite interface can reduce the accumulation of electrons and water/oxygen permeation at the interface and thus enhance the stability of the n-i-p device.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low‐Temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO₃/Compact SnO₂Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25 % mainly have SnO2 or TiO2 as electron‐transporting layers (ETLs). Now, zinc titanate (ZnTiO3, ZTO) is proposed as mesoporous ETLs owing to its weak photo‐effect, excellent carrier extraction, and transfer properties. Uniform mesoporous films were obtained by spinning coating the ZTO ink and annealed below 150 °C. Photovoltaic devices based on Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite sandwiched between SnO2‐mesorporous ZTO electrode and Spiro‐OMeTAD layer achieved the PCE of 20.5 %. The PSCs retained more than 95 % of their original efficiency after 100 days lifetime test without being encapsulated. Additionally, the PSCs retained over 95 % of the initial performance when subjected at the maximum power point voltage for 120 h under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm−2), demonstrating superior working stability. The application of ZTO provides a better choice for ETLs of PSCs.

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“…In some cases, to overcome the instability problems, double-layer HTMs, such as CuSCN/Spiro-OMeTAD have been considered [21][22][23].ETL is also one of the key components of PSCs due to its important role in the interfacial electron extraction and the final photovoltaic performance [24][25][26][27]. Planar structures of PSCs, in both regular n-i-p and inverted p-i-n stacks, have been widely explored due to the simple manufacturing process at low temperature and excellent device performance [28]. In the n-i-p PSC configuration, TiO 2 has been used extensively because of the favorable alignment to the conduction band of the perovskite absorber [29].…”

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confidence: 99%

Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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In the search for improvements in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), several different aspects are currently being addressed, including an increase in the stability and a reduction in the hysteresis. Both are mainly achieved by improving the cell structure, employing new materials or novel cell arrangements. We introduce a hysteresis-free low-temperature planar PSC, composed of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/CuSCN bilayer as a hole transport layer (HTL) and a mixed cation perovskite absorber. Proper adjustment of the precursor concentration and thickness of the HTL led to a homogeneous and dense HTL on the perovskite layer. This strategy not only eliminated the hysteresis of the photocurrent, but also permitted power conversion efficiencies exceeding 15.3%. The P3HT/CuSCN bilayer strategy markedly improved the life span and stability of the non-encapsulated PSCs under atmospheric conditions and accelerated thermal stress. The device retained more than 80% of its initial efficiency after 100 h (60% after 500 h) of continuous thermal stress under ambient conditions. The performance and durability of the PSCs employing a polymer/inorganic bilayer as the HTL are improved mainly due to restraining perovskite ions, metals, and halides migration, emphasizing the pivotal role that can be played by the interface in the perovskite-additive hole transport materials (HTM) stack.Energies 2020, 13, 2059 2 of 12 transport materials (HTMs) have been considered so far, providing different final efficiencies, such as: (i) 2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) with a PCE of 22% [6]; (ii), poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) with a PCE of 20% [7]; (iii) poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with a PCE of 15% [8]; and iv) P3HT with PCE reaching 19.25% [9].There are, however, several limitations in using these kinds of materials, such as excessive price, inefficient electron-blocking capability, and low chemical stability [10]. In this respect, inorganic HTLs seem to be a convincing alternative, with materials such as NiO [11], CuI [12,13] or CuSCN [14] being potential candidates.CuSCN is a p-type inorganic semiconductor with a wide bandgap (3.4-3.9eV) [15], high hole mobility, well-aligned work function [16], good thermal stability, high optical transparency and attractive mechanical properties [17,18]. The collection of the impressive physical and chemical properties, together with its low cost and commercial availability, has made CuSCN a very suitable material to be employed as an HTL. A PCE of more than 20% has been reported for PSCs with a conventional mesostructure TiO 2 ETL and CuSCN-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) HTL [19]. However, for planar n-i-p structures, using the atomic layer deposited TiO 2 ETL and CuSCN HTL, a maximum PCE of 12.7% has been achieved so far [20]. In order to improve the open-circuit voltage in CuSCN-based PSCs, various functional molecules have been introduced between the perovskite layer and copper on the surface of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layers to pass...

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Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Passivated Tin Oxide as an Electron Transport Layer

Cited by 136 publications

References 31 publications

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low‐Temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO₃/Compact SnO₂Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells

Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

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Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Passivated Tin Oxide as an Electron Transport Layer

Cited by 136 publications

References 31 publications

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low‐Temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO3/Compact SnO2Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells

Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

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Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low‐Temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO₃/Compact SnO₂Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells