Efficient Point-of-Care Detection of Uric Acid in the Human Blood Sample with an Enhanced Electrocatalytic Response Using Nanocomposites of Cobalt and Mixed-Valent Molybdenum Sulfide

Abstract

This work efficiently detects uric acid (UA) in a human blood sample using cobalt nanoparticle-immobilized mixed-valent molybdenum sulfide on the copper substrate in a point-of-care (PoC) device. The sensor electrode was fabricated by micromachining of Cu clad boards employing an engraver to generate a three-electrode system consisting of working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE), and counter electrode (CE). The WE was subjected to physical vapor deposition of mixed-valent MoS x layers by a reaction between Mo(CO) 6 and H 2 S at ∼200 °C using a simple setup following which CoNPs were electrochemically deposited. The RE and CE were covered with Ag/AgCl and Ag paste, respectively. A plasma separation membrane acted as the medium of UA/blood serum delivery to the electrodes. The material and electrochemical characterization confirmed that CoNPs over MoS x provided an enlarged electroactive surface for the direct electron transfer to achieve an enhanced electrocatalytic response. The binary combination of CoNPs and MoS x layers over the Cu electrode reduced the charge-transfer resistance by two times, enhanced the surface adsorption by more than two times, and yielded a high diffusion coefficient of 3.46 × 10 −3 cm 2 /s. These interfacial effects facilitated the UA oxidation, leading to unprecedented mA range current density for UA sensing for the PoC device. The electrochemical detection tests in the PoC device revealed a sensitivity of 64.7 μA/μM cm −2 , which is ∼50 times higher compared to the latest reported value (1.23 μA/μM cm −2 ), a high limit of detection of 5 nM, and shelf life of 6 months, confirming the synergistic effect-mediated high sensitivity under PoC settings. Interference tests confirmed no intervention of similar analytes. Tests on blood samples demonstrated a recovery percentage close to 100% in human serum UA, signifying the suitability of the nanocompositebased sensor and the PoC device for clinical sensing applications.

Two Water-Stable Zn(II) Coordination Polymers as Luminescent Sensors for Detection of Uric Acid in Serum, MnO4–, and Cr(VI) Oxo-Anions in Tap Water

“…In summary, two novel Zn (II) CPs of naphthalene disulfonate mixed with N-donor ligands were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. CP 1 shows a 4-connected dia network containing the −[Zn(OH)] n − chains and CP 2 displays a 2D → 3D polythreading structure based on the (6,3)…”

“…However, abnormal UA levels can cause related diseases. Low levels of UA (hypouricemia) are related to neurological diseases, and high levels of UA (hyperuricemia) will cause diseases such as gout, hepatitis, nephritis, leukemia, and kidney cancer. − Therefore, efficient detection of UA is very necessary, and it can help us to detect and prevent many diseases. Meanwhile, with the development of industry and economy, the environmental pollution caused by industrial discharge is becoming more and more serious, especially the pollution of water resources that human beings depend on for survival, which seriously threatens human life and health.…”

A Comprehensive Review of MoSx for Improved Photo(electro)catalytic Performance

“…So far, papers in the literature have primarily used Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to demonstrate the presence of MoS x . Particularly, XPS can detect distinct valence states (+4, +5, +6) of Mo in MoS x and the various bonding interactions of S. [ 73–81 ] Niu et al designed the synthesis of amorphous MoS x displaying high overpotential under both acidic conditions (0.5 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 , 156 mV) and basic conditions (1.0 mol L −1 KOH, 232 mV). [ 5 ] Figure a exhibits an example of the high‐magnification XPS spectra of Mo 3 d , from which it can be seen that Mo shows three different valence states, namely Mo 6+ (235.6 eV), Mo 5+ (233.3 and 230.1 eV), and Mo 4+ (232.6 and 229.6 eV).…”

“…So far, papers in the literature have primarily used Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to demonstrate the presence of MoS x . Particularly, XPS can detect distinct valence states (þ4, þ5, þ6) of Mo in MoS x and the various bonding interactions of S. [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81] Niu et al designed the synthesis of amorphous MoS x displaying high overpotential under both acidic conditions (0.5 mol L À1 H 2 SO 4 , 156 mV) and basic conditions (1.0 mol L À1 KOH, 232 mV). [5] on Mo plates by hydrothermal method and showed excellent hydrogen precipitation properties.…”

Using point‐of‐care devices to examine covariation among blood nutritional‐physiological parameters and their relationships with poxvirus infection, habitat urbanization, and male plumage coloration in house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus)

“…For example, subclinical mastitis and Johne's disease in cattle can be rapidly and inexpensively screened on farms away from veterinary hospitals using POC devices (Kimura et al, 2012;Wadhwa et al, 2012). Many POC tests of nutritional physiology are now affordable and widely available, including real-time measurement of blood glucose, ketones, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, and other components related to disease/health status (Beattie et al, 2023;DePinto & McGraw, 2022;Kim & Yoon, 2021;McGraw et al, 2020;McQuinn et al, 2020;Roy et al, 2022;Vitale et al, 2021) in humans and nonhuman animals (Srinivasan et al, 2017).…”