Efficient production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using a novel hydrochar-based solid acid catalyst derived from palm leaf waste

Aliyu, Muhammad; Moser, Bryan R.; Alharthi, Fahad A.; Rashid, Umer

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2024.05.040

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2024.05.040

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Efficient production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using a novel hydrochar-based solid acid catalyst derived from palm leaf waste

Muhammad Aliyu,

Bryan R. Moser,

Fahad A. Alharthi

et al.

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Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

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A novel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar catalyst derived from palm leaf residue for biodiesel production: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Aliyu,

Rashid,

Tsubota

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDNovel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalysts were produced from activated hydrochar derived from palm leaf residue (PLRAH) via a wet impregnation technique and used to perform one‐step waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification to produce biodiesel. The magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalysts were evaluated for their acid–base properties, crystallinity, functional groups, magnetism, textural properties, thermal stability, chemical composition, and morphology.RESULTSThe PLRAH‐Fe2O3/K2O magnetic catalyst performed well in thermal testing, with a large specific surface area of 111.08 m2 g−1 and its high basicity value of 7.34 mmol g−1, as well as an acidity value of 12.67 mmol g−1, significantly contributed to the WCO transesterification. An optimum biodiesel yield of 98.36% was obtained under the following conditions: catalyst loading of 3 wt%, a methanol‐to‐WCO molar ratio of 12:1, and a reaction temperature of 75 °C for a duration of 4 h and biodiesel yields maintained at >80% after five cycles. The produced biodiesel complied with the physicochemical properties stated in ASTM D6751. The kinetic study also revealed that WCO transesterification using the one‐step approach had a pseudo‐first order and activation energy () of 24.27 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, the thermodynamic variables, including Gibbs free energy (∆Go), enthalpy (∆Ho), and entropy (∆So) of WCO transesterification, were found to be 7.60 kJ mol−1, 24.27 kJ mol−1, and −21.78 J mol−1 K, respectively. This suggests that WCO transesterification was an endothermic and non‐spontaneous process.CONCLUSIONThe synthesized magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance for WCO transesterification, highlighting its potential for efficient biodiesel production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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A novel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar catalyst derived from palm leaf residue for biodiesel production: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Aliyu,

Rashid,

Tsubota

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Waste Palm Leaves-Based Hydrochar Support Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Aliyu,

Rashid,

Ghani

et al. 2024

Bioenerg. Res.

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Advances and challenges in humic acid production technologies from natural carbonaceous material wastes

Sarlaki,

Kianmehr,

Marzban

et al. 2024

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Efficient production of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate using a novel hydrochar-based solid acid catalyst derived from palm leaf waste

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

A novel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar catalyst derived from palm leaf residue for biodiesel production: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

A novel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar catalyst derived from palm leaf residue for biodiesel production: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Waste Palm Leaves-Based Hydrochar Support Catalytic Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Advances and challenges in humic acid production technologies from natural carbonaceous material wastes

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