Efficient quantum key distribution against collective noise using polarization and transverse spatial mode of photons

Abstract

Channel noise is the main issue which reduces the efficiency of quantum communication. Here we present an efficient scheme for quantum key distribution against collective-rotation channel noise using polarization and transverse spatial mode of photons. Exploiting the two single-photon Bell states and two-photon hyperentangled Bell states in the polarization and the transverse spatial mode degrees of freedom (DOFs), the mutually unbiased bases can be encoded for logical qubits against the collective-rotation noise. Our scheme shows noiseless subspaces can be made up of two DOFs of two photons instead of multiple photons, which will reduce the resources required for noiseless subspaces and depress the photonic loss sensitivity. Moreover, the two single-photon Bell states and two-photon hyperentangled Bell states are symmetrical to the two photons, which means the relative order of the two photons is not required in our scheme, so the receiver only needs to measure the state of each photon, which makes our protocol easy to execute in experiment than the previous works.

Joint remote implementation of operators

“…As hyperentangled photon system is an important resource in this protocol, the foremost step is to generate the relevant hyperentanglement. Description of detailed processes for production of various two-and multi-photon hyperentangled states, including the state (10), is beyond the scope of this paper, but can be found in the literature (see, e.g., references [18,21,22,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]).…”

Simulation of a polarization-transverse momentum hyperentangled photon source

“…This is known as hyperentanglement. Examples include polarization-transverse spatial mode, 15 position-momentum, 16 , 17 polarization-time bin, 18 polarization-orbital angular momentum, 19 and radial position-radial momentum 20 . Usually, each DOF can be tested, manipulated, and controlled independently as it can act as a separate quantum channel.…”

Detector‐device‐independent quantum secret sharing based on hyper‐encoding and single‐photon Bell‐state measurement

“…This can improve both the security and the channel capacity of quantum communication. 45 Till now, various high-capacity quantum cryptography protocols over the ideal and noisy quantum channels [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] have also been developed.…”