Efficient quantum private comparison protocol based on the entanglement swapping between four-qubit cluster state and extended Bell state

Li, Chaoyang; Chen, Xiu-Bo; Li, Hengji; Yang, Yu‐Guang; Li, Jian

doi:10.1007/s11128-019-2266-x

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In Table 2, we make a comparison between our protocol and the existing ones proposed in Refs. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. In our protocol, the GHZ states are prepared by participants rather than by TP, which to some extent, improves the security and efficiency of the protocol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-based quantum private comparison protocol with bit-flipping

Ji¹,

Fan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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By introducing a semi-honest third party, we propose in this paper a novel QPC protocol using (n + 1)qubit (n ≥ 2) Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as information carriers. The parameter n not only determines the number of qubits contained in a GHZ state, but also determines the probability that the third party can successfully steal the participants' data and the qubit efficiency. Our protocol uses the keys generated by quantum key distribution and bit-flipping for privacy protection, making both outsider and insider attacks invalid. In addition, our protocol does not employ any other quantum technologies (e.g., entanglement swapping and unitary operation) except necessary technologies such as preparing quantum states and quantum measurement, which can reduce the need for quantum devices. Furthermore, the GHZ states are prepared by participants rather than by the third party, which can reduce potential security risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-based quantum private comparison protocol with bit-flipping

Ji¹,

Fan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…quantum states, such as W states [8], two-atom product states [9], four-qubit cluster state and extended Bell state [10], four-particle GHZ states [11] and single photons [12,13]. These QPC protocols are implemented in the traditional fullquantum domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-way semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared keys based on unitary operations

Gong,

Ye,

Liu

et al. 2024

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Semi-quantum private comparison is a method for private comparison with fewer quantum resources, enabling classical participants to collaborate with a semi-honest third party possessing complete quantum capabilities. A one-way quantum private comparison protocol is devised only by unitary operations. The protocol facilitates one-way transmission between third party (TP) and classical participants in quantum communication, where the classical participants only need to perform unitary operations and measurement operations on the transmitted qubits. In addition, classical participants do not require pre-shared keys. It is shown that the qubit efficiency of this protocol is 12.5%. Finally, security analysis and the simulation results on the IBM Quantum Experience demonstrate the security and the feasibility of this protocol.

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“…in any way, is one of the most striking manifestations of the quantum-mechanical nonlocal characteristic [5]. Besides being of fundamental interest, this process has applications [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in complex entanglement manipulation and quantum communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement swapping under global noise environment

Kong¹,

Zhao²,

Ji³

2023

Laser Phys. Lett.

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We investigate the entanglement swapping under phase damping global noise and amplitude damping global noise. The two qubits the intermediate user holds during the entanglement swapping process first suffer from a global noise before the Bell measurement is carried out. Based on this assumption, the influence of global phase damping noise and global amplitude damping noise on the output entanglement of entanglement swapping is investigated, respectively. Our findings imply that the output entanglement is completely independent of the phase damping global noise and determined by the input entanglement when entanglement swapping is performed in a global phase damping noise environment. In addition, when entanglement swapping is executed in an amplitude damping environment, the output entanglement oscillates periodically with time, and the output entanglement may disappear at some points and reappear at others. In this case, we need not only to improve the input entanglement but also to control the evolution time of the amplitude damping global noise to ensure the optimal output entanglement. Our findings may help experimentalists to avoid and utilize environmental noise in entanglement swapping.

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Efficient quantum private comparison protocol based on the entanglement swapping between four-qubit cluster state and extended Bell state

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-based quantum private comparison protocol with bit-flipping

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-based quantum private comparison protocol with bit-flipping

One-way semi-quantum private comparison protocol without pre-shared keys based on unitary operations

Entanglement swapping under global noise environment

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