Efficient recovery and regeneration of waste graphite through microwave stripping from spent batteries anode for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

“…In addition, microwave radiation also makes the remaining lithium in SG form Li 2 CO 3 , which can be leached with water under CO 2 , and then heated for extraction, and lithiumcontaining wastewater can also be recycled to leach lithium. 259 The leaching process using inorganic acids such as H 2 SO 4 , 96,282,283 HCl 263 and organic acids such as citric acid 265 not only improved the purity of the SG, but also restored the structural defects of graphite, thus improving its rate performance and cycling stability. Benefiting from the acidity and oxidizing properties of ammonium persulfate, recycled graphite with expanded layer spacing was successfully obtained.…”

“…RG showed excellent cycling stability and rate performance comparable to commercial graphite. 259 The optimal performance of recycled graphite anodes can be achieved when using subcritical carbon dioxide for electrolyte extraction. 284 By introducing an oxygen functional region during the leaching process, the graphite morphologies, Raman spectra, and XPS C/ O ratios were similar to that previously reported for reduced graphite oxide.…”

Two-step leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries and effective regeneration of critical metals and graphitic carbon employing hexuronic acid

“…In order to obtain pure SG, residual insoluble impurities including Al and Fe-based compounds were successfully removed through alkali roasting at a higher temperature. Yuwen et al 47 reported that the separation of graphite and Cu foil under microwave irradiation is about 100% due to the LIBs anode's strong microwave absorption capability. The recovery of Li is then accomplished through water leaching and subsequent heating.…”

Separation and recovery of graphite from spent lithium–ion batteries for synthesizing micro-expanded sorbents

“…16 In general, the anode material of spent LIBs contains a relatively high content of graphite, but SG may be damaged to a certain extent, while some defects may exist and contain impurities, such as lithium dendrites and lithium salts. [16][17][18]23 For graphite with different degrees of damage, traditional graphite recycling methods are different. When the SG damage degree is very low and most of the properties of natural graphite are still retained, SG is usually converted into high-value carbon-based products or high-performance anode materials.…”