Efficient red electrophosphorescent top-emitting organic light-emitting devices

Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Studies of Aromatic Ester Derivatives of Hexamolybdate

“…Entirely different from the TCO cathode, the use of a metal cathode in TEOLEDs can almost completely avoid the damage to the underlying organic layers because of the thermal evaporation technology available and the relatively low deposition temperatures required. As a result, more people would like to utilize metals (e.g., Al and/or Ag;31–48 Ca;49, 50 Ca/Mg;50–52 Ca/Ag;11, 53–59 Mg:Ag;60, 61 Sm62, Sm/Ag, or Sm/Au;63–67 Yb/Au or Ag;68–70 Au;49 and Al/SiO:Al71) as the TEOLED cathode, even though the T of even thin metal layers is much lower than that of TCO. Furthermore, the effects from the microcavities that exist in TEOLEDs influence certain emission characteristics, such as the emissive wavelength, the electroluminescent (EL) spectra, and the viewing angle.…”

“…A highly transparent layer of Ca (20 nm) or Au (10 nm) was used as the cathode, and yellow emission from MEH‐PPV was obtained because of the restrained microcavity effects, even though the thickness of the polymer layer was not designed and optimized using the theoretical equations. Similarly, Moon et al55, 57, 59 built multilayer devices based on the red emission of bis[2‐(2′‐benzothienyl)‐pyridinato‐N,C 3 ′]iridium(acetylacetonate) (BtpIr(acac), Figure 5b) with a highly transparent Ca (10 nm)/Ag (10 nm) layer for the cathode. They obtained red emission even though the physical cavity lengths of 95 and 110 nm did not satisfy the red emission resonant mode.…”

Transparent organic light-emitting devices with CsCl capping layers on semitransparent Ca/Ag cathodes

“…Since the first report on the thermally evaporated ultrathin LiF/Al cathode which does not damage the underlying organic stacks [8] metal cathodes such as LiF/Al/Ag [9], Sm/Au [10], and Ba/Ag [11]. Pode et al reported the Ca/Ag cathode which has a high transmittance and a low sheet resistance [12][13][14]. Furthermore, it has been reported that the transmittance of the semitransparent metal cathode can be further improved by depositing organic or inorganic capping layer on top of the cathode [8,15].…”

Highly efficient blue top-emitting device with phase-shift adjustment layer

“…As a result, the color of emissive light shows better saturation than that of conventional bottom-emitting devices. Up to now, most of the monochromatic TEOLEDs have exhibited better performance than that of corresponding bottom-emitting devices [2][3][4][5]. However, it is still difficult to obtain a pure blue TEOLED with high efficiency.…”