Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared‐Emissive Carbon Nanodots with Multiphoton Excited Upconversion Fluorescence

Liu, Kai‐Kai; Song, Shiyu; Sui, Laizhi; Wu, Shuangyan; Jing, Pengtao; Wang, Ruo-Qiu; Li, Qing-yi; Wu, Guorong; Zhang, Zhen‐Zhong; Yuan, Kaijun; Shan, Chongxin

doi:10.1002/advs.201900766

Cited by 138 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Also, the value of I D /I G is being used to evaluate the degree of graphitization. 20 The intensity of the G band is higher than the peak of the D band with the I D /I G value of 0.844 ( Figure 1f ), implying that more sp 2 -hybridized carbon present as compared to sp 3 hybridized carbon. FTIR spectrum gives a qualitative idea about the functional group present on the surface of CNPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Carbon-based nanomaterials, especially carbon dots (CDs, including carbon nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, and carbon quantum dots), have gained much attention because of their small size, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and stable fluorescent properties, and low cost of synthesis. 8,9 All these carbon nanomaterials have sp 2 hybridized carbon core and surface functional groups. 10 Much research had already been done in the synthesis method, doping and functionalization, tuneable emission, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a plethora of fluorescent nanomaterials, having gained much attention in the field of bioimaging owing to their small sizes, low cost, high tuneable fluorescent properties, and their ease of interface with biological systems leading to widespread applications. 2,3 Many different fluorescent nanomaterials have already been used, such as rare-earth semiconductor quantum dots 4,5 , organic dyes 6, and polymer dots 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Water soluble, red emitting, carbon nanoparticles stimulate 3D cell invasion via clathrin-mediated endocytic uptake

Singh

Guduru

Walia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Bright, fluorescent nanoparticles with excitation and emission towards the red end of the spectrum are highly desirable in the field of bioimaging. We present here a new class of organic carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) with robust quantum yield and fluorescence towards the red region of the spectrum. Using organic substrates like para-phenylenediamine (PPDA) dispersed in diphenyl ether and reflux conditions, we achieved scalable amounts of CNPs of the average size of 25 nm. These CNPs were readily uptaken by different mammalian cells, and we show that they prefer clathrin-mediated endocytosis for their cellular entry route. Not only can these CNPs be specifically uptaken in cells, but they also stimulate cellular processes like cell invasion from 3D spheroid models. These new class of CNPs, which have sizes similar to proteinaceous ligands, hold immense potential for their surface functionalization, whereby they could be explored as promising bioimaging agents for biomedical imaging and intracellular drug delivery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water soluble, red emitting, carbon nanoparticles stimulate 3D cell invasion via clathrin-mediated endocytic uptake

Singh

Guduru

Walia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In recent years, extensive studies have been performed to produce CDs with intensified red/NIR excitation and emission by designed reactions and precise separations. In another interesting work, Liu et al designed red/NIR emissive CDs with QY of 57% via an in situ solvent-free carbonization strategy [ 183 ]. One-photon and 2-photon cellular imaging was demonstrated by using the CDs as red/NIR fluorescence agent due to the high photoluminescence and low biotoxicity.…”

Section: Synthesis and Properties Of Nano-sized Particles With Theranostic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Metal and Carbon Nanoparticles with Potential in Cancer Theranostics

et al. 2021

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Cancer theranostics is a new concept of medical approach that attempts to combine in a unique nanoplatform diagnosis, monitoring and therapy so as to provide eradication of a solid tumor in a non-invasive fashion. There are many available solutions to tackle cancer using theranostic agents such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) under the guidance of imaging techniques (e.g., magnetic resonance—MRI, photoacoustic—PA or computed tomography—CT imaging). Additionally, there are several potential theranostic nanoplatforms able to combine diagnosis and therapy at once, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), graphene oxide (GO), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and carbon nanodots (CDs). Currently, surface functionalization of these nanoplatforms is an extremely useful protocol for effectively tuning their structures, interface features and physicochemical properties. This approach is much more reliable and amenable to fine adjustment, reaching both physicochemical and regulatory requirements as a function of the specific field of application. Here, we summarize and compare the most promising metal- and carbon-based theranostic tools reported as potential candidates in precision cancer theranostics. We focused our review on the latest developments in surface functionalization strategies for these nanosystems, or hybrid nanocomposites consisting of their combination, and discuss their main characteristics and potential applications in precision cancer medicine.

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“…As a promising new candidate for photoluminescent nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have been studied widely for a variety of potential applications, especially light‐emitting devices (LEDs), bioimaging, sensors, and lasers . Although traditional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) possess superior optical properties, the high‐performance QDs are usually heavy‐metal‐contained and costly, which greatly limits their application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dot Powders with Unprecedented Efficiency

Wei

Lou

Zang

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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quantum yield (PL QY) of 93.3%; the highest yield to date among the blue-emitting CDs. [21] Sun and co-workers developed a CD synthesis technique using multicolored emission through controlled graphitization and surface functionalization. [1] They found the CD emission band to be tunable from 430 nm to 630 nm, which covers the blue and red region.Despite such large progress achieved for CD synthesis, plenty of barriers still exist to CD commercialization. Typically, CDs with great performance are primarily prepared through solvothermal routes, meaning at least several hours are needed to prepare CDs at milligram levels. [1,3,4,6,[19][20][21][22][23] Nevertheless, expensive precursors and complex purification processes will no doubt enlarge the construction costs and increase the preparation time. [3][4][5][6] In another way, CDs suffer from aggregation-causedquenching (ACQ) due to π-π stacking in the solid state, which has shown to greatly hinder the application of CDs in light-emitting fields. [24][25][26][27][28] To overcome this deficiency, efforts have been targeted to develop solid CDs with efficient fluorescence by way of CD monomer separation from direct contact, including CD implantation inside polymer matrices and combining them with inorganic salts as composites. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Although this effectively prevents the ACQ of CDs in solid state by the dispersal of CDs into various matrices, only CDs at lower loading fractions (i.e., <0.2 wt%) have the ability to achieve high PL QY. [39] While most white LEDs (WLEDs) are created using the one-step synthesis of white light-emitting CDs, the down-conversion fluorescent powders usually suffer from low luminous efficiency or color instability. [40][41][42] Therefore, it is paramount to develop solid CDs with high fluorescence efficiency and stability in facile, low cost, and high-output ways in order to satisfy scale-up industrial production and application.In this study, we report a facile one-step microwave-assisted heating method to prepare solid CDs with strong green emissions. Here, citric acid, urea, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) have been used as precursors. The CDs were also made to be resistant to self-quenching by in situ embedding the CD into the crystal matrix of NaOH, so that the PL QY could reach 75.9% in the solid state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest value attained for solid CDs having green emission. [8,32,[35][36][37][38] Moreover, powdered CD (CDPs) would also have the potential to be prepared on a much larger scale in several minutes It still remains a challenge to synthesize solid-state carbon dots (CDs) with high emission efficiency; a hurdle that has hindered the application of CDs in many fields. In this work, efficient fluorescent CDs have been prepared through a one-step microwave-assisted heating method. Experimental data show strong green emissions produced from the CD powders (CDPs), carrying an unprecedented 75.9% quantum yield due to both spatial confinement and defect reduction with the ...

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Efficient Red/Near‐Infrared‐Emissive Carbon Nanodots with Multiphoton Excited Upconversion Fluorescence

Cited by 138 publications

References 51 publications

Water soluble, red emitting, carbon nanoparticles stimulate 3D cell invasion via clathrin-mediated endocytic uptake

Water soluble, red emitting, carbon nanoparticles stimulate 3D cell invasion via clathrin-mediated endocytic uptake

Functionalization of Metal and Carbon Nanoparticles with Potential in Cancer Theranostics

Scalable Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dot Powders with Unprecedented Efficiency

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