“…RDM is more than a statistical experiment, it involves a multiple step workflow including identifying possible sources of variability, quantifying their relative contribution with noise experiments, generating ideas for design changes that may promote variation reduction and then quantifying the ability of design changes to reduce this variability through a further set of experiments. Modern computer-based methodological updates include use of uncertainty quantification (UQ), surrogate modelling, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) and optimisation (Chen et al 1996;Du & Chen 2001;Jin, Chen, & Simpson 2001;Du, Sudjianto, & Chen 2004;Fang, Li, & Sudjianto 2005;Allen et al 2006;Chen, Jin, & Sudjianto 2006;Jiang et al 2013;Jiang, Chen, & German 2016;Hu & Du 2019;Otto & Sanchez 2019;Otto, Wang, & Uyan 2019;Nellippallil et al 2020;Sanchez, Björkman, & Otto 2020;Yin & Du 2021).…”