Efficient Removal 17-Estradiol by Graphene-Like Magnetic Sawdust Biochar: Preparation Condition and Adsorption Mechanism

Abstract

The occurrence of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic environments has caused extensive concern. Graphene-like magnetic sawdust biochar was synthesized using potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) to make activated sawdust biochar and applied for the removal of 17-estradiol (E2). The characterization showed that the surface morphology of five graphene-like magnetic sawdust biochars prepared with different preparation conditions were quite different. The specific surface area and pore structure increased with the increment of K2FeO4 addition. The results have shown that graphene-like magnetic sawdust biochar (1:1/900 °C) had the best removal on E2. The experimental results indicated that pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model could describe the adsorption process well, in which the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,1) of 1:1/900 °C were 59.18 mg·g−1 obtained from pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 1:1/900 °C were 133.45 mg·g−1 obtained from Langmuir model at 298K. At the same time, lower temperatures, the presence of humic acid (HA), and the presence of NaCl could be regulated to change the adsorption reaction in order to remove E2. Adsorption capacity was decreased with the increase of solution pH because pH value not only changed the surface charge of graphene-like magnetic sawdust biochar, but also affected the E2 in the water. The possible adsorption mechanism for E2 adsorption on graphene-like magnetic sawdust biochar was multifaceted, involving chemical adsorption and physical absorption, such as H-bonding, π-π interactions, micropore filling effects, and electrostatic interaction. To sum up, graphene-like magnetic sawdust biochar was found to be a promising absorbent for E2 removal from water.

The Role of N-Doping to the Pore Characteristics of Activated Carbon From Vetiver Root Distillation Waste

“…Proses aktivasi dilakukan secara kimia yaitu dengan penggunaan aktivator K2FeO4 (potasium ferat). Aktivator K2FeO4 sudah digunakan pada proses pembuatan karbon aktif pada berbagai bahan baku antara lain daun phoenix [16], black locust [17] dan serbuk gergaji [18]. Penggunaan aktivator logam ini dapat meningkatkan derajat grafitisasi dari karbon aktif sehingga dapat berdampak positif pada konduktivitas.…”

“…Penggunaan aktivator logam ini dapat meningkatkan derajat grafitisasi dari karbon aktif sehingga dapat berdampak positif pada konduktivitas. Menurut Zhou [18], aktivator K2FeO4 dapat dapat berperan dalam meningkatkan grafitisasi, memperluas pori dan menambah daya magnetisasi karbon aktif karena kandungan senyawa Fe, KOH dan Fe2O3 sehingga hasilnya dapat diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben. Selain itu, dengan adanya aktivator logam maka tidak diperlukan suhu aktivasi yang terlalu tinggi guna mendapatkan karbon aktif [16], [19].…”

Photocatalytic Activity of Magnetic Nano-β-FeOOH/Fe3O4/Biochar Composites for the Enhanced Degradation of Methyl Orange Under Visible Light

“…The enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency through the increase in the number of electron transfer channels should mainly accelerate the number of electrons transferred, which can be the reason for the better photocatalytic effect [ 23 ]. In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of biochar for more photogenerated electrons, nano-metal photocatalytic materials are introduced into the biochar to obtain the performance of a comprehensive response range and strong photocatalytic ability [ 24 ]. β-FeOOH loaded on biochar as a very common material due to its high oxidation activity, excellent qualitative properties, and low cost has electron holes that can obtain a strong visible light response in the process of the photodegradation of organic pollutants [ 25 ].…”

Functionalized typha biochar for antibiotic removal via low‐carbon integrated method: Performance and mechanism analyses

“…Apium 400 KOH 450/600/750 [21] Miscanthus 400/450/500 CO 2 900 [22] Oil palm empty fruit Bunch 450 HNO 3 132 [23] Oily sludge 400 KOH 850 [24] Sawdust 500 K 2 FeO 4 800/900/1000 [25] Vine wood 600 KOH/NaOH [26] Vine wood 600 ZnCl 2 /NaCl [26] Tyre 570 KOH 800 [27] Chicken feather 450 H 3 PO 4 450 [28] Garlic skins 100 ZnCl 2 600-900 [29] TBI K KOH (3:1) 800 Present study TBT 450…”

“…Several studies have outlined the interactions between carbonization and activation methods (Table 1). [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] These studies report varying antibiotic removal efficiencies in wastewater using different adsorbents. [30,31] In this study, typha-based biochar was produced using an integrated potassium activation method (TBI K ) and compared with biochar prepared using the conventional separated carbonization and potassium activation method (TBT K ).…”