Efficient removal of heavy metal ions from the water of oil‐rich regions using layered metal‐phosphate incorporated activated carbon nanocomposite

Abstract

In this study, a metal-phosphate layered/activated carbon (KMSP@AC) composed of potassium (K), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn) and phosphorous (P) was prepared by the solvothermal method. The proposed nanocomposite was used as an effective adsorbent to remove Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and V(III) from water samples in oil-rich areas prior to ICP-OES analysis. The KMSP@AC was fully characterized using FTIR, SEM and EDX. Factors influencing the removal process (pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time) were studied and optimized. The experimental process was evaluated with kinetic and isotherm models. The adsorption isotherm investigation showed that the adsorption followed the monolayer Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacities of 25 mg/g (Cd 2+), 31 mg/g (Co 2+), 49 mg/g (Ni 3+), 91 mg/g (Pb 2+) and 141 mg/g (V 3+). The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second-order model is well-fitted to the process with an appropriate correlation coefficient (R 2 > 0.99) at an equilibrium time of 120 min. The adsorption of metal ions on the surface of the adsorbent was mainly a physisorption process through electrostatic interactions.

Sulfur-Doped Binary Layered Metal Oxides Incorporated on Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

“…Vanadium (V 3+ ), lead (Pb 2+ ), chromium (Cr 3+ ), and cadmium (Cd 2+ ) are some examples of heavy metal ions that can be found [1]. Significant opportunities exist for these metal ions to enter groundwater, surface water, and drinking water because of a wide range of processes, including oil processing (extraction, shipping, and storage), mining, and other activities; as a result, the danger posed to the environment as well as to the health of humans is increased [2]. To prevent diseases and syndromes in humans, metabolic processes require trace amounts of heavy metals [3].…”

“…Therefore, monitoring and removing heavy metal ions from environmental water supplies is essential. The allowed levels for Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , Pb 2+ , and V 5+ in drinking water have been established at 5 µg L −1 , 50 µg L −1 , 10 µg L −1 , and 100 mg L −1 , respectively [2].…”

“…Activated carbon (AC) is a highly porous adsorbent used in the adsorption process to control air and water pollution. This is because activated carbon possesses cationic and anionic nature [9], a high surface area, is cost-effective, has rapid biodegradability [10], is structurally reliable and thermally stable [2,6]. Coal-derived commercial activated carbon is commonly used to remove dissolved solids and ionic contaminants from potable water and industrial effluent, including heavy metal ions and synthetic colors.…”

“…There is a significant amount of potential for biochar AC as an adsorbent to be utilized in the process of modifying or reactivating the surface. The addition of metal oxide nanoparticles to AC can result in an improvement in both the efficiency and stability of the adsorption process [2].…”

“…When distinct cations are intercalated, they can generate a wide variety of diverse characteristics and structures. They are less hazardous and less leachable due to features including biocompatibility, pH-dependent solvability, and the special intercalating property [2]. Metal-layered ion exchangers based on sulfides have remarkable adsorption and selectivity capabilities towards metal ions, and their removal kinetics are extremely fast.…”