Efficient removal of Rose Bengal and Malachite Green dyes using Green and sustainable Chitosan/CMC/Bentonite-based hydrogel materials

Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Nanoparticles and Their Suitability for Dyes Adsorption from Aqueous Media: Assessment of the Last-Decade Progresses

“…Hydrophobic interactions of the nonpolar tail of target compounds and the adsorbent material surface and hydrogen bond caused by acting as hydrogen donor and receptor of the adsorption process participants were considered as other possible mechanisms. Kaur et al [ 166 ], who prepared a hydrogel made of chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose and bentonite and evaluated its ability to retain Rose Bengal and Malachite green dyes, propose electrostatic interactions, dipole–dipole interactions, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding as leading mechanisms. Barus et al [ 167 ] examined the adsorption capacity of a nanocomposite hydrogel prepared of chitosan, cellulose nanofiber, and graphene oxide against Methylene blue dye and emphasized that the main adsorption mechanism is represented by electrostatic interactions occurring between the adsorbent negatively charged surface and the positively charged dye molecule.…”

Adsorption removal of Brilliant green and Safranin‐O contaminants from water using a hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate crosslinked by epichlorohydrin

“…The –CH2 scissoring and –OH bending vibrations are attributed to the bands at 1420 and 1320 cm −1 , respectively. Carboxymethyl ether group (CH 2 –O–CH 2 ) stretching is responsible for a band at 1060 cm −1 in the spectrum 41 …”

“…Carboxymethyl ether group (CH 2 -O-CH 2 ) stretching is responsible for a band at 1060 cm À1 in the spectrum. 41 Two large peaks are visible in the spectrum of NaALG between 3500 and 1800 cm À1 , one at around 3435 cm À1 , which corresponds to the stretching of the -OH groups, and the other at about 2924 cm À1 , which corresponds to the C-H stretching of the -CH 2 groups (Figure 2A). The COO À group has two peaks at 1601 and 1417 cm À1 .…”

A nano CoFe2O4 entangled CMC/psyllium/RGO (CPRHG/CF)-based hydrogel composite for the adsorption & photocatalytic removal of pharmaceutical effluent: tramadol

“…23 The presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups within the CMC structure serves to enhance the adsorption of pollutants through electrostatic interactions, thereby enhancing degradation processes when used in a composite material alongside a photocatalyst as a counterpart. 24,25 Psyllium, on the other hand, is a gel-forming, water-soluble fiber, primarily composed of hemicelluloses. This structural arrangement consists of a xylan backbone linked with rhamnose, arabinose, and galacturonic acid units collectively referred to as arabinoxylans.…”