Ranking and selection (R&S) procedures form an important research field in computer simulation and its applications. In simulation, one usually has to select the best from a number of scenarios or alternative designs. Often, the simulated processes have a stochastic nature, which means that, to distinguish alternatives, they must exhibit significant statistical differences. R&S procedures assist the decision-maker with the selection of the best alternative with high confidence. This paper reviews past and current R&S procedures. The review traces back to the 1950s, when the first R&S procedure was proposed, and discusses the various R&S procedures proposed since then to the present day, presenting a cursory view of the research in the area. The review includes studies in both the single-objective and the multi-objective domains. It presents the research trend, discusses specific issues, and gives recommendations for future research in both domains.
OPSOMMINGRangorde-en keuseprosedures (R&K) vorm 'n belangrike navorsingsveld in rekenaarsimulasie en -toepassings. Simulasiestudies vereis gewoonlik dat die beste kandidaat van 'n aantal scenarios of alternatiewe ontwerpe gekies moet word. Die gesimuleerde prosesse is gewoonlik van 'n stogastiese aard, en hulle moet statisties-beduidend verskil ten einde onderskeid te kan tref. R&K prosedures ondersteun die besluitnemer om die beste alternatief met groot vertroue te kies. Hierdie artikel verskaf 'n resensie van vroeë en huidige R&K prosedures. Die ondersoek strek terug tot in die 1950s toe die eerste R&K prosedures voorgestel is, en bespreek die verskeie R&K prosedures wat sedertdien ontwikkel is, terwyl 'n oorsigtelike blik op die navorsingsveld gegee word. Die resensie sluit studies in beide enkel-en multidoelwitdomein in. Dit bespreek navorsingsneigings en spesifieke kwessies, en maak voorstelle vir verdere navorsing in beide domeins.
INTRODUCTIONComputer simulation is a powerful and essential tool in modern society to improve the operation of current systems and business practices. It contributes to the efficient management of processes and systems -the main focus of many industrial engineers -by providing a what-if analysis. In operating a system, one often faces a situation where the following question arises: If some changes were made to the current parameter settings (or decision variables) 1 in the operation of the system, what would happen? Would they result in a better performance of the system or not? It is usually not easy to estimate the effect of the changes because the system is often complex and exhibits a stochastic nature. Simulation helps decision-makers in such cases by simulating the real system and providing the estimates of system performance measures. One can compare the performance of the simulated 1 Various terms are used in simulation to indicate parameter settings of the system: system designs, systems, designs, scenarios, and/or alternatives. The term population is also used in the same context in statistics.