Efficient soft demodulation of MIMO QPSK via semidefinite relaxation

Nekuii, M.; Kisialiou, M.; Davidson, T.N.; Luo, Zhi-Quan

doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4518197

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, because most of the existing SDP based hard MIMO detectors are dependent on the specific modulation constellation, most of the available soft SDP detectors are only capable of estimating unknown binary variables. For example, the soft SDP-based MIMO detectors proposed in [29], [30] are only applicable to BPSK and QPSK (since a QPSK symbol can be treated equivalently to two BPSK symbols). As a further effort, the authors of [31] proposed a soft SDP based MIMO detector for 16-QAM, which is not applicable to other high-order QAM constellations.…”

Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semidefinite Programming Relaxation Based Virtually Antipodal Detection for MIMO Systems Using Gray-Coded High-Order QAM

Yang

Hanzo

2013

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Abstract-An efficient generalized semidefinite programming relaxation (SDPR) based virtually antipodal (VA) detection approach is proposed for Gray-coded high-order rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signalling over multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Albeit the decomposition of symbol-based detection to a bit-based one is desirable owing to its reduced complexity and increased flexibility, Gray-mapping is nonlinear, and hence the direct bitbased detection of Gray-coded-QAM MIMO systems constitutes a challenging problem. In this paper, we find a way of exploiting the structural regularity of Gray-coded high-order rectangular QAM, and transforms the classic symbol-based MIMO detection model to a low-complexity bit-based detection model. As an appealing benefit, the conventional three-step "signalto-symbols-to-bits" decision process can be substituted by a simpler "signal-to-bits" decision process for the classic Graymapping aided high-order rectangular QAM, and hence any bit-based detection method becomes potentially applicable. As an application example, we propose a direct-bit-based VA-SDPR (DVA-SDPR) MIMO detector, which is capable of directly making binary decisions concerning the individual information bits of the ubiquitous Gray-mapping aided high-order rectangular QAM, while dispensing with symbol-based detection. Furthermore, the proposed model transformation method facilitates the exploitation of the unequal error protection (UEP) property of high-order QAM with the aid of the low-complexity bit-flipping based "hill climbing" method. As a result, the proposed DVA-SDPR detector achieves the best bit error ratio (BER) performance among the known SDPR-based MIMO detectors in the context considered, while still maintaining the lowest-possible worst-case complexity order of O (NT log 2 M + 1) 3.5 .Index Terms-Binary constrained quadratic programming, Gray mapping, primal-dual interior-point algorithm (PD-IPA), Copyright (c) 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a request to pubs-permissions@ieee.org.The financial support of the China Scholarship Council (CSC), the EPSRC, UK under the auspices of the China-UK Science Bridges and that of the RC-UK under the India-UK Advanced Technology Centre (IU-ATC) is gratefully acknowledged. L. Hanzo would also like to acknowledge the fiscal support of the European Research Council's Advanced Fellow Award.This work was presented in part at the 2011 54th IEEE Global Communications Conference, Houston, Texas, USA (GLOBECOM 2011 high-order QAM, semidefinite programming relaxation (SDPR), virtually-antipodal detection.

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Section: B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 1: Initialization-Set the initial value of the number of iterations to l = 0; select a starting point (X0, v0, Z0) so that it is in the interior of the feasible sets of both (30) and (31). For example, Set the initial value of the primal and dual costs to C .…”

Section: B Dva-sdpr Solving Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semidefinite Programming Relaxation Based Virtually Antipodal Detection for MIMO Systems Using Gray-Coded High-Order QAM

Yang

Hanzo

2013

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…Our simulation results show that discrete ABC can meet the best known semi-optimal detector (i.e., SD) with less complexity and has better performance than other methods such as Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE), Zero Forcing (ZF), and Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR) [25], while it outperforms other EAs such as GA, Estimation of Distributions Algorithm (EDA) [26], and the recently proposed Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Discrete Artificial Bee Colony for Computationally Efficient Symbol Detection in Multidevice STBC MIMO Systems

Ashrafinia

Naeem

Lee

2013

Advances in Artificial Intelligence

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A Discrete Artificial Bee Colony (DABC) is presented for joint symbol detection at the receiver in a multidevice Space-Time Block Code (STBC) Mutli-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) communication system. Exhaustive search (maximum likelihood detection) for finding an optimal detection has a computational complexity that increases exponentially with the number of mobile devices, transmit antennas per mobile device, and the number of bits per symbol. ABC is a new population-based, swarm-based Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) presented for multivariable numerical functions and has shown good performance compared to other mainstream EAs for problems in continuous domain. This algorithm simulates the intelligent foraging behavior of honeybee swarms. An enhanced discrete version of the ABC algorithm is presented and applied to the joint symbol detection problem to find a nearly optimal solution in real time. The results of multiple independent simulation runs indicate the effectiveness of DABC with other well-known algorithms previously proposed for joint symbol detection such as the near-optimal sphere decoding, minimum mean square error, zero forcing, and semidefinite relaxation, along with other EAs such as genetic algorithm, estimation of distributions algorithm, and the more novel biogeography-based optimization algorithm.

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“…For the linear dispersion space time coding in general, the relation between the input and output of the channel is often expressed in another form [4] than (1). Matrix S (the input signal in a space time code block) can be expressed as…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A joint symbol detection algorithm efficient at low SNR for a Multi-Device STBC-MIMO system

Naeem

Lee

2010

2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS)

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In this paper, we present an algorithm for joint symbol detection (JSD) at the receiver in a Multi-Device (MD) STBC-MIMO System. We apply Cross Entropy Optimization (CEO) to JSD problem in a MD-STBC-MIMO system. We find that this algorithm has good performance especially at a low SNR region in a rank-deficient MD-STBC-MIMO system. ML detector, Sphere Decoder (SD) and Semi-definite relaxation (SDR) are computationally complex. The proposed CEO detector finds a nearly optimal solution in real time and also requires very low amount of computation as compared to the ML, SD and SDR.

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Efficient soft demodulation of MIMO QPSK via semidefinite relaxation

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Semidefinite Programming Relaxation Based Virtually Antipodal Detection for MIMO Systems Using Gray-Coded High-Order QAM

Semidefinite Programming Relaxation Based Virtually Antipodal Detection for MIMO Systems Using Gray-Coded High-Order QAM

Discrete Artificial Bee Colony for Computationally Efficient Symbol Detection in Multidevice STBC MIMO Systems

A joint symbol detection algorithm efficient at low SNR for a Multi-Device STBC-MIMO system

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