Efficient Soft X-Ray Lasing at 6 to 8 nm with Nickel-like Lanthanide Ions

Daido, Hiroyuki; Kato, Yoshiaki; Murai, K.; Ninomiya, S.; Kodama, R.; Yuan, Gang; Oshikane, Yasushi; Takagi, Masaru; Takabe, H.; Koike, Fumihiro

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.1074

Cited by 91 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The lasing at wavelength of 3.6 nm has been demonstrated in gold [10]. Recently, lasing in many nickellike lanthanide ions has been demonstrated by Daido et al [11], and Nilsen and Moreno [12]. Lasing at wavelengths from 6 to 8 nm was obtained with a drive energy as low as 200 J [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Recently, lasing in many nickellike lanthanide ions has been demonstrated by Daido et al [11], and Nilsen and Moreno [12]. Lasing at wavelengths from 6 to 8 nm was obtained with a drive energy as low as 200 J [11]. The use of low-Z nickel-like ions as a candidate for a tabletop system has been proposed, and preliminary gain observation at 20.4 nm in nickel-like niobium has been reported [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Ahmad¹

2015

AJOP

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Excitation energies and transition probabilities for the 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 , and the 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 9 4l (l= s, p, d, and f) configurations in nickel-like tin have been used to calculate the reduced population of 99 fine structure levels over a wide range of electron densities and at different electron plasma temperatures. The gain coefficients for those transitions with positive population inversion factors have been calculated as a function of electron density. This study is concerned with the transitions which produce positive gain at XUV and X-ray spectral regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Ahmad¹

2015

AJOP

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“…Alternatively, the Ni-like sequence has been proposed and successfully utilized to extend collisionally excited lasers to shorter wavelengths. 43,44,77,115,116,[134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144] Lasers in the 3d 9 4d -3d 9 4p transitions of Ni-like ions are direct analogs to lasers in 2p 5 3p -2p 5 3s transitions in closed shell Ne-like ions, but have the advantage of producing amplification at a shorter wavelength for a given state of ionization. This higher quantum efficiency significantly reduces the pumping energy required to achieve lasing by collisional excitation at a selected wavelength.…”

Section: A Collisional Electron Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the use of multiple-laser-pulse excitation techniques and the optimization of target geometries has greatly increased the gain in Ni-like ions. [141][142][143]144 Recently, gain saturated operation has been obtained at wavelengths as short as 7.3 nm. 114,115,143 The amplification of soft x-ray radiation by collisional excitation is not limited to Ne-like and Ni-like ions.…”

Section: A Collisional Electron Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Table-top Soft X-Ray Lasers

Rocca

2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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This article reviews the progress in the development of practical table-top sources of soft x-ray laser radiation. The field is rapidly approaching the stage at which soft x-ray lasers sufficiently compact to fit onto a normal optical table will be routinely utilized in science and technology. This is the result of recent advances in the amplification of soft x-ray radiation in both compact laser-pumped and discharge-pumped devices. The use of excitation mechanisms that take full advantage of new ultrafast high power optical laser drivers and multiple pulse excitation schemes has resulted in the demonstration of saturated soft x-ray amplification at wavelengths as short as 14 nm using several Joule of laser-pump energy. Moreover, several schemes have demonstrated significant gain with only a fraction of a Joule of laser-pump energy. In addition, the demonstration of saturated table-top soft x-ray lasers pumped by very compact capillary discharges has shattered the notion that discharge-created plasmas are insufficiently uniform to allow for soft x-ray amplification, opening a route for the development of efficient, high average power soft x-ray lasers. Recently, a table-top capillary discharge laser operating at 46.9 nm has produced millijoule-level laser pulses at a repetition rate of several Hz, with a corresponding spatially coherent average power per unit bandwidth comparable to that of a beam line at a third generation synchrotron facility. This review summarizes fundamental and technical aspects of table-top soft x-ray lasers based on the generation of population inversions in plasmas, and discusses the present status of development of specific laser systems.

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“…The multi-pulse pumping facilitates the production of suitable density gradients of the plasma in a gain medium, the curved target compensates for the refraction of the X-ray laser beam on the strong density gradients. These techniques significantly improve the characteristics of the existing X-ray lasers [25][26][27]. It is expected that these methods will allow the development of a small-scale collisionally excited X-ray laser [28].…”

Section: New Trends In X-ray Laser Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Lasers, Operation and Applications

Fiedorowicz

1997

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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Efficient Soft X-Ray Lasing at 6 to 8 nm with Nickel-like Lanthanide Ions

Cited by 91 publications

References 21 publications

Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Population Inversion and X-Ray Laser Gain by Electron Impact Excitation of Ni-Like Tin

Table-top Soft X-Ray Lasers

X-Ray Lasers, Operation and Applications

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