The fast growth of wearable/portable
electronics and the demand
for highly effective and long-lasting self-powered systems to support
their off-grid operation have significantly increased. Triboelectric
nanogenerators (TENGs), a promising energy-harvesting technology,
have attracted research interest in recent years for wearable and
self-powered portable electronic applications. In this report, conductive
polyaniline (PANI) nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized via a facile
chemical oxidation polymerization method. The synthesized PANI NSs
were embedded into a triboelectric ethylcellulose (EC) polymer to
form a conductive polymer composite film (PANI/EC-CPCF), which enhances
the triboelectricity and electrical conductivity of the CPCF. The
prepared PANI/EC-CPCF layer and commercially available fluorinated
ethylene propylene were employed as positive and negative triboelectric
materials, which are used to construct a TENG device. The output electrical
performance of the fabricated TENGs was studied and optimized systematically
by varying the filler amount of PANI NSs in the EC polymer. The optimized
TENG exhibited high output voltage, current, charge density, and power
density values of ∼130 V, ∼5 μA, ∼45 μC/m2, and ∼650 mW/m2, respectively. Furthermore,
the robustness analysis and mechanical stability of the TENG were
studied under a long-term durability test for several days. Finally,
the practical and real-time applications of the proposed TENG were
demonstrated by varying the environmental conditions and harvesting
mechanical energy from daily human actions in a living environment,
which is used to power several low-power electronic gadgets.