Efficient Stabilization of Mono and Hybrid Nanofluids

Abstract

Currently; the transfer of new technologies makes it necessary to also control heat transfer in different industrial processes—both in practical and research—applications. Not so long ago water and ethylene glycol were the most frequently used media in heat transfer. However, due to their relatively low thermal conductivity, they cannot provide the fast and effective heat transfer necessary in modern equipment. To improve the heat transfer rate different additives to the base liquid are sought, e.g., nanoadditives that create mono and hybrid nanofluids with very high thermal conductivity. The number of scientific studies and publications concerning hybrid nanofluids is growing, although they still represent a small percentage of all papers on nanofluids (in 2013 it was only 0.6%, and in 2017—ca. 3%). The most important point of this paper is to discuss different ways of stabilizing nanofluids, which seems to be one of the most challenging tasks in nanofluid treatment. Other future challenges concerning mono and hybrid nanofluids are also thoroughly discussed. Moreover, a quality assessment of nanofluid preparation is also presented. Thermal conductivity models are specified as well and new representative mono and hybrid nanofluids are proposed.

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

“…In contrast, the probe type is better suited for synthesis at the lab scale. Regardless of the type of two-step mixing approach used, this method is still considered as a cost-effective process that is appropriate for both small- and large-scale production of any type of nanofluids, which is seen as a favorable approach to many researchers in the field [ 140 ]. However, some of the critical issues associated with this method during nanofluids fabrication are the agglomeration of the nanoparticles due to the very high surface energy between the particles, and the notable increase in the process temperature with fabrication time when using some of the mixing devices (e.g., bath type ultrasonic device) [ 8 , 13 ].…”

Mono Nanofluids: Review on Current Status, Challenges and Future Prospects

“…Fluids currently used in industrial and thermal settings are often modified with different types of additives with the sole aim of achieving better rheological and thermodynamic properties [3]. However, the origin of nanotechnology and nanoscience abstraction can be traced as far back to 1959, when an American Nobel laureate-Richard Feynman-proposed a new theory of quantum electrodynamics.…”

“…However, the origin of nanotechnology and nanoscience abstraction can be traced as far back to 1959, when an American Nobel laureate-Richard Feynman-proposed a new theory of quantum electrodynamics. Norio Taniguchi, who presented the basic concept of ‗nano-technology‗ in 1974 during the International Conference on Production Engineering in Japan is also thought to be a pioneer of nanotechnology as a science [3,4]. The chronological development of the nanotechnology is summarized in Table 1.…”

“…Water and ethylene glycol were the most conventional media in heat transfer. However, due to their relatively low thermal conductivity properties, long term stability in nanofluids, they were unable to provide the rapid convective heat transfer [3].…”

Performance of Laser Treated Heaters in Pool Boiling

“…In the paper, a modification of the model was developed for these kinds of microstructures. It needs to be mentioned that the improvement of heat flux values can also be additionally obtained if nanofluids are used [6,7]. In the case of using both nanofluids and laser treatment of samples, a significant enhancement might be obtained.…”