Efficient synthesis of biodiesel over well-dispersed sulfated mesoporous SiO 2 colloidal spheres

Chen, Guochang; Li, Fengbo; Huang, Zhijun; Guo, Cun‐Yue; Xiao-ning, Qiu; Qiao, Hui; Wang, Zhicai; Ren, Shibiao; Jiang, Weifeng; Yuan, Guoqing

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.03.002

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…There are various types of heterogeneous acid catalysts including ion-exchange resins, transition metal, metal oxides, zeolites, and sulfated acid, which have the potential for sustainable biodiesel production [9]. However, there are certain disadvantages of these catalysts such as non-biodegradable, high production cost, and poor recyclability due to catalyst deactivation in the presence of water [10]. Furthermore, poor porosity appears to be a major issue among these catalysts, which inhibit accessibility of reactants to active sites via catalysis reaction [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber-Supported Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Oleic Acid: Effect of Different Transition Metal Sulfate

Krishnan¹,

Pua²,

Palanisamy³

et al. 2018

IJET

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This paper presents the investigation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber-supported heterogeneous acid catalyst that was prepared via direct impregnation method by using various types of transition metal sulfates, including Fe2(SO4)3, NiSO4.6H2O, and CuSO4. The EFB fiber-supported heterogeneous acid catalyst was applied for esterification of oleic acid. Hence, structural, chemical, morphological, and elemental properties of the catalyst were examined through the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. Meanwhile, the acidity properties of each catalyst were characterized via acid density test. The prepared catalyst, which had been loaded with Fe2(SO4)3, exhibited the highest acid density up to 2.4 mmol/g. Next, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous acid catalyst was further investigated through esterification of oleic acid at 60°C with 5 wt% catalyst loading for 2 hours of reaction time. The prepared catalyst, which was loaded with Fe2(SO4)3, again displayed the high esterification conversion rate at 93.90% and was used up to five reaction cycles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber-Supported Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Oleic Acid: Effect of Different Transition Metal Sulfate

Krishnan¹,

Pua²,

Palanisamy³

et al. 2018

IJET

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Alkane isomerization over sulfated zirconia solid acid system

et al. 2020

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Summary Sulfated zirconia (SZ) and its modified versions attract great interest in recent years, because of their promising potential in n‐alkane isomerization. The oxidative and protonation routes are active and interactional in n‐alkane activation over SZ catalysts. The bimolecular reaction becomes dominant with increasing the density of active sites on SZ surface and decreasing the carbon chain of feed. Pentane and hexane are mainly isomerized by protonated cyclopropane mechanism, while which is thermodynamically unflavored for n‐butane isomerization. The deactivation of SZ catalysts is primarily caused by the loss of superacidity and oxidizing ability, resulted from the structure changes of sulfate species. Several strategies for improving the activity of SZ are reviewed. The intrinsic structure‐reactivity relationship of SZ catalysts in alkane isomerization is updated to illuminate the prerequisite for the highly active catalysts and the mechanism of active sites formation. The applications of Pt/SZ in fixed‐bed and unmodified SZ in circulating fluidizing bed in light alkanes isomerization are compared with the conventional technologies based on the chlorinated alumina catalysts. Finally, the future study of SZ catalysts is outlooked from the academic investigations to the industrial applications.

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Recombinant Thermostable Thermomonospora fusca TF Endo-xylanase A and Its Immobilization on Modified Mesoporous SiO2 Microspheres for Manufacturing Xylooligosaccharides

et al. 2017

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Efficient synthesis of biodiesel over well-dispersed sulfated mesoporous SiO 2 colloidal spheres

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber-Supported Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Oleic Acid: Effect of Different Transition Metal Sulfate

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fiber-Supported Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Oleic Acid: Effect of Different Transition Metal Sulfate

Alkane isomerization over sulfated zirconia solid acid system

Recombinant Thermostable Thermomonospora fusca TF Endo-xylanase A and Its Immobilization on Modified Mesoporous SiO2 Microspheres for Manufacturing Xylooligosaccharides

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