Efficient Watermarking Method Based on Maximum Entropy Blocks Selection in Frequency Domain for Color Images

Singh, Roop; Izhar, Lila Iznita; Elamvazuthi, Irraivan; Ashok, Alaknanda; Aole, Sumit; Sharma, Naveen

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3174964

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Singh et al [4] proposed an Arnold-transform-based watermarking method for images. Both the cover image and the watermark are shuffled using an Arnold cat map, then a second-level decomposition of DWT and SVD are applied to embed the watermark.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Semi-Fragile, Inner-Outer Block-Based Watermarking Method Using Scrambling and Frequency Domain Algorithms

et al. 2023

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Image watermarking is most often used to prove that an image belongs to someone and to make sure that the image is the same as was originally produced. The type of watermarking used for the detection of originality and tampering is known as authentication-type watermarking. In this paper, a blind semi-fragile authentication watermarking method is introduced. Although the main concern in this paper is authenticating the image, watermarking for proving ownership is additionally implemented. The method considers the image as two main parts: an inner part and an outer part. The inner and outer parts are divided into non-overlapping blocks. The block size of the inner and outer part are different. The outer blocks have a greater area than the inner blocks so that their watermark-holding capacity is greater, providing enough robustness for semi-fragility. The method is semi-fragile and the watermarked image is authenticated despite the JPEG being compressed to 75% quality. The embedded watermark also survives innocent types of image operations, such as intensity adjustment, histogram equalization and gamma correction. Semi-fragile and selectively fragile authentication is valuable and in high demand specifically because it survives these innocent image operations while detecting ill-intentioned tampering. In this work, we embed a binary watermark into the inner and outer parts of images using a scrambling algorithm, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the blocks. The proposed methodology has high image quality after watermarking, with a PSNR value of 40.577 , and high quality is also achieved after JPEG compression. The embedding process provides acceptable image quality after tamper attacks, including JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, average filtering, and scaling attacks with PSNR values greater than 29. Experimental results obtained show that the proposed semi-fragile watermarking algorithm is more robust, secure and resistant than other algorithms in the literature.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Semi-Fragile, Inner-Outer Block-Based Watermarking Method Using Scrambling and Frequency Domain Algorithms

et al. 2023

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“…In Ref. 18, an efficient, false-positive, problem-free, semiblind watermarking scheme in the DWT-SVD domain is proposed. The maximum entropy blocks are employed to hide the watermark, which reduces the computation cost.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum entropy blocks are employed to hide the watermark, which reduces the computation cost. The proposed watermarking technique lacks authentication, 18 and robustness is not good against geometric attacks. In Ref 19,.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

BacterialWmark: telemedicine watermarking technique using bacterial foraging for smart healthcare system

2023

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A transform domain digital image watermarking technique is proposed using bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) for telemedicine applications. To make a trade-off between robustness, imperceptibility, and authenticity is a significant focus of our work. The field of telemedicine is one of the critical areas for an intruder to make unwanted changes. The size of medical data is exponentially increasing since the pandemic. So, the security of medical data is also a big concern. One of the most important techniques to safeguard medical data is image watermarking. The digital imaging and communications in medical images of liver ultrasound are taken as input host images. Peak signal-to-noise ratio, Kullback-Leibler distance, and root-mean-square difference are used for BFO. The proposed BacterialWmark technique shows a significant improvement in robustness and imperceptibility compared with other existing techniques. The computational complexity of the proposed work is also less. The authentication of the watermarked image is successfully executed as the features are perfectly matched with the aid of the MinEigen algorithm. So, the BacterialWmark algorithm can be used in the field of telemedicine efficiently.

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“…The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is a vital mathematical and signal processing technique used to dissect and process digital data, especially in digital signal and image processing. It decomposes data into wavelet coefficients by applying high-pass and low-pass filters and down sampling, resulting in a multiresolution representation with various scales or frequency components [18]. DWT is extensively employed in diverse applications, including image compression, noise reduction, feature extraction, and data analysis, making it indispensable for tasks requiring multi-scale analysis and efficient representation of data with varying levels of detail.…”

Section: ░ 2 Related Technique 21 Discrete Wavelet Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust medical image watermarking in frequency domain

Singh,

Shukla,

Kumar

et al. 2023

IJEER

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Protecting patient information in medical image watermarking poses a significant challenge, especially when traditional methods like the Arnold transform prove inadequate in ensuring security. This paper introduces a novel approach within the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain to address this issue effectively. By employing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the security and robustness of the system are greatly enhanced through the encryption of both the medical image and patient data. The encrypted medical image undergoes a 2-level DWT process, allowing the concealment of encrypted patient information while maintaining its invisibility. This proposed scheme surpasses others in experimental evaluations, as evidenced by metrics such as PSNR and NC, solidifying its position as a more secure choice for medical image watermarking. The results validate the scheme’s robustness and imperceptibility.

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Efficient Watermarking Method Based on Maximum Entropy Blocks Selection in Frequency Domain for Color Images

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

A Semi-Fragile, Inner-Outer Block-Based Watermarking Method Using Scrambling and Frequency Domain Algorithms

A Semi-Fragile, Inner-Outer Block-Based Watermarking Method Using Scrambling and Frequency Domain Algorithms

BacterialWmark: telemedicine watermarking technique using bacterial foraging for smart healthcare system

Robust medical image watermarking in frequency domain

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