Efficient Weibull channel model for salinity induced turbulent underwater wireless optical communications

Oubei, Hassan M.; Zedini, Emna; ElAfandy, Rami T.; Kammoun, Abla; Ng, Tien Khee; Alouini, Mohamed‐Slim; Ooi, Boon S.

doi:10.1109/oecc.2017.8115010

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…44) Weibull distribution was used to describe the statistics of salinityinduced turbulent UWOC channels. 45) The model showed an excellent fit with the measured data under all channel conditions emulated. In another study, 46) the authors have accurately developed a simple statistical channel model for weak temperature-induced turbulence in UWOC systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Besides, optimal combining schemes and maximum likelihood detection schemes were investigated in 2012. 153) Additionally, the effects of turbulence and geometries of the system on the received signal energy distribution were studied by Liao et al 154) For UWOC, UV scattering enhanced by water molecules, dissolved organic matters and ions makes it feasible to construct underwater UV NLOS communications, which may mitigate the alignment problems caused by turbulence, such as in the presence of bubbles, 45) the gradient of salinity and temperature, 46) in a UWOC with LOS. An underwater NLOS network concept was proposed by means of backreflection at the ocean-air interface and a corresponding mathematical model was derived.…”

Section: Los and Nlos Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact has recently been proven by a series of recent experimental results in Refs. [45][46][47]171, studying respectively the impact of air bubbles, and inhomogeneous salinity and temperature.…”

Section: Models Of Turbulence In Underwater Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nature is laden with examples of underwater environments with varying salinity levels. 45) This lied behind the motivation of the study by Oubei et al 45) Unlike previous works considering different but uniformly distributed salinity levels, this latter work investigated the impact of salinity gradient on the fluctuations of the irradiance. The salinity gradient in the water channel was created by mixing two water masses of different salinity levels using two identical water buckets.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more suitable model is the Weibull distribution which was shown to achieve high fitting accuracy. 45) Figure 10 illustrates the PDF of the fitted distribution and the corresponding histogram of the measured data for a salinity gradient level equal to 5 × 10 −2 g·L −1 ·cm −1 . As clearly shown in this figure, the Weibull distribution predicts well the salinity induced light intensity fluctuations in seawater.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Light based underwater wireless communications

Oubei

Shen

Kammoun

et al. 2018

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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120

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light to transmit data in underwater environment. Compared to radio-frequency (RF) and acoustic underwater techniques, UWOC has many advantages including large information bandwidth, unlicensed spectrum and low power requirements. This review paper provides an overview of the latest UWOC research. Additionally, we present a detailed description of transmitter and receiver technologies which are key components of UWOC systems. Moreover, studies investigating underwater optical channel models for both simple attenuation and the impact of turbulence including air bubbles and inhomogeneous salinity and temperature are also described. Future research challenges are identified and outlined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Los and Nlos Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models Of Turbulence In Underwater Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Light based underwater wireless communications

Oubei

Shen

Kammoun

et al. 2018

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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120

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Statistical channel model to characterize turbulence‐induced fluctuations in the underwater wireless optical communication links

Singh

Kaur

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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Summary Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) turns out to be a primary sought alternative to wireless technology, which can provide high data rate, enormous bandwidth, and low deployment cost and resolve the crowded radio frequency band issues. The performance of the UWOC link is significantly affected by the turbulent ocean environment. In this paper, the different turbulence scenarios such as salinity gradients, temperature gradients, and air bubbles are considered to model the turbulent nature of the ocean environment experimentally. These turbulent conditions induce severe intensity fluctuations in the received optical signal. These intensity fluctuations are modeled stochastically, and a novel turbulence channel model is proposed, which excellently fitted with the experimental data. The conformity of the proposed model is validated by performing a goodness of fit test in terms of R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) coefficients. The results show that for all the considered turbulent scenarios, the Gaussian mixture model better approximates the experimental observations than the Weibull distribution. As the strength of the turbulence increases, the chances of link outage and the probability of bit errors increase. At a flow rate of 4 L/min, the bit error rate (BER) of 10−20, 10−14, and 10−10 is recorded under clear water, salinity, and temperature gradient channel conditions, respectively. It is observed that the air bubbles have a significant impact on the propagating optical beam in comparison to temperature and salinity‐induced turbulence. Moreover, a close agreement between the proposed model and the experimental data is also observed, which makes the proposed model more appropriate to describe the turbulent ocean environment.

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