Efficient wide-band and tunable midspan spectral inverter using cascaded nonlinearities in LiNbO<sub>3</sub> waveguides

Chou, Ming-Hsien; Brener, Igal; Lenz, G.; Scotti, R.E.; Chaban, E. E.; Shmulovich, J.; Philen, D.L.; Kosinski, S. G.; Parameswaran, K.R.; Fejer, M. M.

doi:10.1109/68.817501

Cited by 73 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Its excellent electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties are exploited in various applications such as: laser frequency doublers, wideband tunable light sources, light amplification, quasi-phase-matched frequency convertors, surface acoustic waves, optical switches and modulators, multiplexors and for many other all-optical signals processing. Most of the integrated optics devices designed for these applications are based on waveguides fabricated either by Ti-indiffusion [1,2] or by one of the proton exchange techniques namely Annealed Proton Exchange (APE) [3][4][5], Reverse Proton Exchange (RPE) [6] or Soft Proton Exchange (SPE) [7][8][9][10]. All these techniques allow fabricating low loss waveguides with preserved electro-optical and nonlinear properties, but in return lead to low refractive index increase typically in the range of ∆n e =0.01 for Tiindiffusion [11], ∆n e =0.02 for APE and RPE [6] and ∆n e =0.03 for SPE [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

Rambu

Apetrei

Doutre

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-High-index contrast waveguides fabricated with precise control and reproducibility are of high interest for nonlinear and/or electro-optical highly efficient and compact devices for quantum and classical optical data processing. Here we present a new process to fabricate planar and channel optical waveguides on lithium niobate substrates that we called High Vacuum Proton Exchange (HiVacPE). The main purpose was to improve the reproducibility and the quality of the produced waveguides by limiting and controlling the water traces in the melt, which is used for the ionic exchange. Moreover, we discovered that, when the acidity of the bath is increased, depending on substrate orientation (Z-cut or X-cut) the waveguides are completely different in term of crystallographic properties, index profiles and nonlinearity. The best-obtained channel waveguides exhibit a refractive index contrast as high as 0.04 without any degradation of the crystal nonlinearity and state of the art propagation losses (0.16dB/cm). We have also demonstrated that the HiVacPE process allows fabricating waveguides on Z-cut substrate with high-index contrast up to 0.11 without degrading the crystal nonlinearity but high strain induced propagation losses. On top of that, we proposed an original and very useful method of analyzing waveguides with complex index profiles. This method can be used for the analysis of any waveguides whose core contains several layers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

Rambu

Apetrei

Doutre

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The multitude of offangle reciprocal vectors makes possible either multi-wavelength parametric generation and amplification or the emission of the same generated wavelength in more than one direction. These possibilities may find potentially interesting applications in, for example, simultaneous multiple-trace-gas detection [4] where several wavelengths are required at the same time or in multichannel information processing where efficient cascaded conversion of several wavelengths are necessary [5]. However, parametric generation and amplification in a 2D NPC has not been reported even though 1D NPC QPM optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) were demonstrated from the early days of periodic poling for QPM [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial gain enhancement for optical parametric amplification and oscillation in two-dimensional χ^(2) nonlinear photonic crystals

Liu¹,

Kung²

2008

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We have analyzed optical parametric interaction in a 2D NPC. While in general the nonlinear coefficient is small compared to a 1D NPC, we show that at numerous orientations a multitude of reciprocal vectors contribute additively to enhance the gain in optical parametric amplification and oscillation in a 2D patterned crystal. In particular, we have derived the effective nonlinear coefficients for common-signal amplification and common-idler amplification for a tetragonal inverted domain pattern. We show that in the specific case of signal amplification with QPM by both G 10 and G 11 , symmetry of the crystal results in coupled interaction with the corresponding signal amplification by G 10 and G 1,-1 . As a consequence, this coupled utilization of all three reciprocal vectors leads to a substantial increase in parametric gain. Using PPLN we demonstrate numerically that a gain that comes close to that of a 1D QPM crystal could be realized in a 2D NPC with an inverted tetragonal domain pattern. This special mechanism produces two pairs of identical signal and idler beams propagating in mirror-imaged forward directions. In conjunction with this gain enhancement and multiple beams output we predict that there is a large pulling effect on the output wavelength due to dynamic signal build-up in the intrinsic noncollinear geometry of a 2D NPC OPO. References and links 1.V. Berger, "Nonlinear photonic crystals", Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, No. 19, 4136-4139 (1998

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“…Thus, conversion is realized in which the input/output waves stay in the same wavelength band and high-speed switching of the DF wave is realized by the pump wave. Many publications have dealt with this point [12,13].…”

Section: Cascaded Shg/dfgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of ultra‐short pulse wavelength conversion characteristics of LiNbO₃ waveguide nonlinear‐optic devices

Ishizuki

Suhara

Nishihara

2003

Electron Comm Jpn Pt II

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SUMMARYThe pulse wavelength conversion characteristics of various nonlinear optical processes in LiNbO 3 waveguide nonlinear optic devices are analyzed by the beam propagation method. Detailed data for estimation of device characteristics and for optimal device design for a 1.5-µm-band signal are presented. The following results are obtained. (1) The conversion efficiency of second harmonic generation decreases as the pulse width of the input pump wave is decreased, and is improved as the device length is increased in the range where the walkoff between the optical waves is short. (2) In difference frequency generation, the optical pulse width of the difference frequency is close to that of the input signal wave. In continuous wave pumping, high efficiency is realized by increasing the device length. (3) In cascade second harmonic generation/difference frequency generation, high efficiency can be realized by increasing the device length in both continuous wave pumping and difference frequency pumping.

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Efficient wide-band and tunable midspan spectral inverter using cascaded nonlinearities in LiNbO₃ waveguides

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

Substantial gain enhancement for optical parametric amplification and oscillation in two-dimensional χ^(2) nonlinear photonic crystals

Numerical analysis of ultra‐short pulse wavelength conversion characteristics of LiNbO₃ waveguide nonlinear‐optic devices

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Efficient wide-band and tunable midspan spectral inverter using cascaded nonlinearities in LiNbO3 waveguides

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

Analysis of High-Index Contrast Lithium Niobate Waveguides Fabricated by High Vacuum Proton Exchange

Substantial gain enhancement for optical parametric amplification and oscillation in two-dimensional χ^(2) nonlinear photonic crystals

Numerical analysis of ultra‐short pulse wavelength conversion characteristics of LiNbO3 waveguide nonlinear‐optic devices

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Efficient wide-band and tunable midspan spectral inverter using cascaded nonlinearities in LiNbO₃ waveguides

Numerical analysis of ultra‐short pulse wavelength conversion characteristics of LiNbO₃ waveguide nonlinear‐optic devices