Efficiently assessing firm, fair, and caring relationships: Short form of the Dual Role Relationship Inventory.

Abstract

Many people involved in the justice system and people with serious mental illness are required to participate in psychosocial treatment, whether they want it or not. With these clients, case managers, probation officers, and other providers are tasked with both promoting client recovery (a helping, therapeutic role) and protecting community safety (a controlling, surveillance role). The 30-item revised Dual-Role Relationship Inventory (DRI-R) assesses the quality of provider-client relationships in mandated treatment-and DRI-R based research indicates that firm, fair, and caring relationships (authoritative, not authoritarian) predict better client outcomes. In this study, we developed and validated a short form of the DRI-R-the 9-item DRI-SF-by applying multidimensional item response theory methods to four data sets (N ϭ 815). We simultaneously refined the measure by selecting items that cleanly assessed relationship features (i.e., minimized construct-irrelevant variance from provider traits) and performed similarly across client groups (juveniles and adults; with-and-without mental illness). DRI-SF total scores strongly predict DRI-R total scores (r ϭ .97). The DRI-SF fully represented the DRI-R's range of item difficulties, produced the same three-factor structure, predicted theoretically relevant external covariates as strongly (i.e., groups known to differ in relationship quality, relationship satisfaction ratings, future arrests)-without item bias by sex or race. Moreover, the favorable psychometric properties of the DRI-SF were replicated in a new sample and shown to generalize across provider groups (from probation officers to treatment providers). This newly developed DRI-SF applies to a range of provider-client relationships in mandated treatment-and will benefit practitioners and researchers with ease of administration. Public Significance StatementWhen treatment is mandated, high-quality relationships between clients and their providers promote positive outcomes. In this study, we used a data-informed approach to shorten a well-validated measure of firm, fair, and caring client-provider relationships. This clinically feasible measure can be readily applied with a broad range of clients in busy mental health, justice, and research settings.

A multi-level intervention to reduce the stigma of substance use and criminal involvement: a pilot feasibility trial protocol

“…We will examine change from the baseline to the 3-month follow-up timepoint in the Dual-Relationship Inventory-Short Form (DRI-SF) (Gochyyev & Skeem, 2019 ), a 9-item measure adapted from the DRI and DRI-revised (Skeem et al, 2007 ) that was originally designed to be used in parallel forms with probation officers and their clients. The DRI assesses qualities of the relationship and working alliance between probation officers and clients.…”

The intersectionality of criminality and substance use self-stigmas.

“…Notably, this study did not take into consideration participants' obligation to attend treatment, which may be a complicating factor in interpreting these results. Justice-involved individuals with substance use concerns are often mandated to participate in treatment, and standard measures of therapeutic rapport may not accurately capture the alliance in these situations (Gochyyev & Skeem, 2019). Therefore, future research is needed to examine how the relationship between self-stigma and therapeutic rapport may differ for mandated versus voluntary treatment.…”

Apprivoiser les résistances en intervention auprès d’hommes en contexte d’aide contrainte

“…La notion de résistance a fait l'objet de recherche afin de déterminer de quelle façon il est possible de susciter le changement de comportements, particulièrement auprès d'une clientèle contrainte de recourir à des services à cette fin (Boardman, 2018 ;Bonta et Andrews, 2016 ;Brodsky, 2011 ;Cortoni et Lafortune, 2009 ;Gochyyev et Skeem, 2019 ;Kozar et Day, 2017 ;Ross, Polaschek et Ward, 2008). La notion d'alliance thérapeutique, liée de près à la résistance, a également retenu l'attention de plusieurs chercheurs (Abel, Hayes, Henley et Kuyken, 2016 ;Henry et Humblot, 2015 ;Kozar et Day, 2017 ;Mazoyer et Bourdet-Loubère, 2016 ;Plantade-Gipch, 2017).…”

“…Par exemple, veut-il apprendre à moins être centré sur ses besoins, mettre des limites, ou à moins succomber à son impulsivité ? Une fois la relation de confiance établie, les résultats obtenus rejoignent des constats de recherche indiquant que l'utilisation de confrontations face aux gestes faits ou aux croyances devient possible et souhaitable (Gochyyev et Skeem, 2019).…”

“…Même s'il consulte à titre « d'agresseur », le respect, le non-jugement et l'ouverture à la souffrance de l'homme seraient plus importants que l'approche clinique elle-même (Turcotte, 2012). Cette ouverture aura un effet sur l'ensemble du processus : le développement de l'alliance thérapeutique, la motivation du client, les taux d'abandon et, ultimement, les changements visés (Brodeur, 2006 ;Gochyyev et Skeem, 2019). À ce sujet, les recherches effectuées auprès d'intervenants, dont la présente étude, convergent vers une approche qui tient compte de plusieurs aspects de la situation des hommes qui se présentent dans les services et de la qualité du lien avec ces derniers.…”