Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals

Larsson, D. G. Joakim; Pedro, Cecilia de; Paxéus, Nicklas

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.008

Cited by 1,288 publications

(653 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other example of an anthropogenic activity is aquaculture, whose pharmaceuticals employed, as well as their metabolites and degradation prod-ucts, are directly discharged into surface waters [45,46]. Another important source of environmental contamination by pharma-ceuticals is the effluents of pharmaceutical production facilities [47][48][49].…”

Section: Sources Of Environmental Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO2 and water); (ii) entrapment by suspended solids; (iii) discharge of the parent compound through chemical cleavage of the respective con-jugate forms and (iv) conversion to a more hydrophilic, persistent form which will short-circuit the treatment process [39,41,56,57]. Thus, in hospitals use of specific antibiotics, antineoplasic or diag-nostic agents subsequently requires a sewage treatment process more embracing and directed to these kind of drugs, which are only used in hospitals [35,58], and that must be different to the more specific procedure adopted at STPs receiving industrial discharges from drug manufactures [47][48][49]59]. In both, the form and extension of the final contamination risk will also depend on geographical location of the STP facility.…”

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Santos

Araújo

Fachini

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

1,302

533

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Pharmaceuticals are biologically active and persistent substances which have been recognized as a con-tinuing threat to environmental stability. Chronic ecotoxicity data as well as information on the current distribution levels in different environmental compartments continue to be sparse and are focused on those therapeutic classes that are more frequently prescribed and consumed. Nevertheless, they indicate the negative impact that these chemical contaminants may have on living organisms, ecosystems and ultimately, public health. This article reviews the different contamination sources as well as fate and both acute and chronic effects on nontarget organisms. An extensive review of existing data in the form of tables, encompassing many therapeutic classes is presented.Keywords: Pharmaceuticals, Sources, Environmental fate, Ecotoxicological effects

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Section: Sources Of Environmental Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Santos

Araújo

Fachini

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

1,302

533

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are a large number of studies of WTW effluent and septic tanks (Clara et al, 2004;Drewes et al, 2003;Gasser et al, 2010;Glassmeyer et al, 2008;Heberer et al, 1997;Kreuzinger et al, 2004), of raw sewage (Sodré et al, 2009) and of artificial recharge using treated effluent (Cordy et al, 2004;Díaz-Cruz and Barceló, 2008). Manufacturing sites may also contribute (Larsson, 2008;Larsson et al, 2007). There are about 9000 WTWs in the UK serving 95% of the population (Water UK, 2006).…”

Section: Source Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

673

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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“…Industrial pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants without effective treatment of antibiotics have become a significant threat for aquatic environment (Larsson, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole by the Fe(II)/HSO5− process enhanced by hydroxylamine: Efficiency and mechanism

Liu

Han

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

168

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Fenton or Fenton-like processes have been regarded as feasible methods to degrade a wide variety of contaminants by generating reactive species, but the efficiency is highly affected by the slow transformation from Fe(III) to Fe(II) as well as pH. This study proposed a method by adding hydroxylamine (HA) to the Fe(II)/HSO5 -(Fe(II)/PMS) process to accelerate the degradation of contaminants, selecting a broad-spectrum sulfonamide antibiotic -

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Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals

Cited by 1,288 publications

References 26 publications

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole by the Fe(II)/HSO5− process enhanced by hydroxylamine: Efficiency and mechanism

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