Effort reduction in articulation in sign languages and dance

Abstract

Sign languages exhibit the drive for ease of articulation found in spoken languages, particularly in fast and casual conversation, where the methods that reduce effort are shown here to be limited by the need to maintain recognizability. Participatory dance, which uses the same articulators as sign languages plus additional ones, also demonstrates methods of reducing biomechanical effort, analogous to those seen in sign languages, and, again, limited by the need to maintain recognizability of the dance figures/ phrases. However, when we look at performance language (here, sign poetry) and performance dance, we find a contrast: sign language poetry uses reduced and enhanced forms, while performance dance does not use reduced forms but often uses enhanced forms. We attribute this contrast to the different functions of the different types of language and dance, with attention to the notion of intention in performance dance.

Reps and representations: a warm-up to a grammar of lifting

“…Relatedly,Napoli and Liapis (2019) attribute the differences in how articulatory effort reduction works in performance dance versus performance sign to the difference in their functions, i.e., ultimately, the agent's goals. However, in this paper, I go beyond such broad, general effects that pragmatic considerations can have on phonetic and phonological processes and instead focus on much more local phenomena, although I will briefly talk about how broad pragmatic considerations can affect the relative optimality of various surface outputs in lifting in Sect.…”