Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work and Incident Coronary Heart Disease

Dragano, Nico; Siegrist, Johannes; Nyberg, Solja T.; Lunau, Thorsten; Fransson, Eleonor I.; Alfredsson, Lars; Bjørner, Jakob Bue; Borritz, Marianne; Burr, Hermann; Erbel, Raimund; Fahlén, Göran; Goldberg, Marcel; Hamer, Mark; Heikkilä, Katriina; Jöckel, Karl‐Heinz; Knutsson, Anders; Madsen, Ida E. H.; Nielsen, Martin L.; Nordin, Maria; Oksanen, Tuula; Pejtersen, Jan Hyld; Pentti, Jaana; Rugulies, Reiner; Salo, Paula; Schupp, Jürgen; Singh‐Manoux, Archana; Steptoe, Andrew; Theorell, Töres; Vahtera, Jussi; Westerholm, Peter; Westerlund, Hugo; Virtanen, Marianna; Zins, Marie; Batty, G. David; Kivimäki, Mika

doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000666

Cited by 259 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…On the other hand, another study with 1,809 male employees, belonging to a health insurance union of automobile dealerships in Japan, failed to find a significant relation of work stress to QT index or QTc interval (Maeda et al 2015), probably because of one question of whether the subject felt any stress at the workplace (yes/no), but not a multidimensional questionnaire like the JCQ. Individuals with effort-reward imbalance at work have an increased risk of coronary heart disease (Kivimäki et al 2012;Dragano et al 2017), and QTc prolongation has been reported to be associated with allcause mortality and cardiovascular events (Yap et al 2016). Therefore, such autonomic imbalance resulting from workrelated stress may represent a high-risk state leading to cardiovascular events, though the effects of work-related stress appear to differ among the industry types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Work-Related Stress and Autonomic Imbalance among Call Center Employees in Japan

Enoki

Maeda

Iwata

et al. 2017

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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There is little epidemiological evidence linking subjective stress to objective etiologic indicators. To clarify an association between work-related stress and autonomic nervous function, we examined call center employees (167 males and 371 females) undergoing electrocardiography (ECG) at the time of annual health checkups. The questionnaire was composed of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire based on the demand-control-support model and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale including detailed contents of home stress. The Bazett's corrected QT (QTc) interval, QT index, and heart rate were obtained from the ECG data. The male employees showed significantly higher scores of job demand, job control, and supervisor support than the female ones. In the male employees, QT index indicating the extent of autonomic imbalance and heart rate were associated with high score of supervisor support and low score of coworker support (P < 0.05), but no significant relationships were seen between QTc interval and either job strain (i.e., job demand and job control) or home stress. By contrast, the female employees showed no significant links between any autonomic indicators and either work-related stress or home stress. These data suggest that work-related stress affected QT index in male employees suffering specific occupational stressors such as emotional abuse from unsatisfied customers. Specifically, supports from supervisors and coworkers were paradoxically associated with QT index, implying that supervisors may have failed to effectively support such male employees. Also, autonomic nervous function in male employees appears to be more vulnerable to work-related stress than that in female ones.Keywords: autonomic nervous function; call center employees; demand-control-support model; electrocardiography; subjective job stress Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2017 December, 243 (4), 321-328. © 2017 Tohoku University Medical Press IntroductionWith regard to the epidemiological evidence linking work-related stress to cardiovascular disease, the stress and cardiovascular disease are not directly tied but mediated by a certain etiologic mechanism. However, there is less research on the etiological pathways of the disease causation (Schnall et al. 1994). Collins et al. (2005) examined electrocardiographic QT intervals for 36 healthy men wearing 48-h Holter-monitor, and one mechanism suggested by them was the disturbed cardiovascular regulatory pattern associated with job strain in a pathogenic manner. In this case, it may not be easy to examine a large number of workers with 48-h monitor. Another mechanism was concerning autonomic imbalance induced by home stress (Maeda et al. 2015), but not work-related stress. For the earlier prevention of work-related cardiovascular events and a better understanding of the pathophysiology, it is important to investigate the association between workrelated stress and autonomic outcomes by using simpler tools.As a measure of work-related stress, the job demandcontrol-support (DCS) model with three dimensions (i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Work-Related Stress and Autonomic Imbalance among Call Center Employees in Japan

Enoki

Maeda

Iwata

et al. 2017

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…High effort along with low monetary and confirmative rewards at work have been shown to increase the risk of, for example, cardiovascular disease (Dragano et al 2017), whereas good relationships, atmosphere, and support from work decrease the risk of ill-health in the form of, for example, stress and sleep disturbance (Luchman and González-Morales 2013; Nordin et al 2012). Individual factors are important to consider as well, since psychosocial factors arise in the interaction between organizational and personal demands and resources (Bolin 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between hyperacusis and psychosocial work factors in the general population

Paulin

Nyback

Nordin

2018

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…ERI is a known source of occupational stress with an estimated prevalence of 32% and has long been considered a risk factor for poor health (Siegrist 1996, 1998, 2002; van Vegchel et al 2005; de Jonge et al 2000; Godin et al 2005; Kikuchi et al 2010; Kivimaki et al 2007; Lehr et al 2009; Dragano et al 2017). These studies report strong associations between ERI and a number of health outcomes including increased morbidity, poor self-rated health, mental distress, depression, psychosomatic and physical health complaints, and incident coronary heart disease (CHD).…”

Section: Eri and The Physiological Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allisey et al (2016) found that higher levels of reward (social support, recognition, and job security) in relation to efforts were associated with lower levels of absenteeism among police officers. A recent review of 11 European prospective studies reported that, during a 10-year follow-up time, individuals with ERI had 16% higher risk of developing CHD compared to those who did not experience ERI (Dragano et al 2017). …”

Section: Eri and The Physiological Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Effort–reward imbalance in police work: associations with the cortisol awakening response

Fekedulegn

Allison

et al. 2018

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Effort–Reward Imbalance at Work and Incident Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 259 publications

References 39 publications

The Association between Work-Related Stress and Autonomic Imbalance among Call Center Employees in Japan

The Association between Work-Related Stress and Autonomic Imbalance among Call Center Employees in Japan

Associations between hyperacusis and psychosocial work factors in the general population

Effort–reward imbalance in police work: associations with the cortisol awakening response

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