Effort–reward imbalance in the school setting: Associations with somatic pain and self-rated health

Låftman, Sara Brolin; Modin, Bitte; Östberg, Viveca; Hoven, Hanno; Plenty, Stephanie

doi:10.1177/1403494814561818

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While most research in this area has focused on service type occupations, and professions with a high degree of human interaction (Tsutsumi & Kawakami, 2004), our research suggests that the ERI model is equally applicable to the study experience, which, for many people, is largely a solitary one (Baik, Sophia, & Naylor, 2015). The model has previously been expanded beyond the workplace to include the education setting, with some literature exploring the health implications of ERI in high schools (Guo et al., 2014; Låftman et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2012). However, our findings provide further justification for the generalization of the ERI model, beyond workplace and compulsory school settings, to university education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite similarities between the workplace and the university setting, there has not as yet been a great deal of research undertaken to explore the overcommitment hypotheses within the higher education setting. Studies looking at the school setting attempted to assess the overcommitment hypotheses and yet found no support (Låftman et al., 2015). Li et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Balancing Effort and Rewards at University: Implications for Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes

2019

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Background The effort–reward imbalance model suggests that, when the efforts required within the workplace are disproportionately large in comparison to the rewards resulting from those efforts, there is an increased risk of stress-related health issues. The model posits that higher levels of “overcommitment,” in addition to a high effort–reward imbalance ratio, magnifies this risk of ill-health. While work has been conducted to assess the validity of this model within the school setting, research in the higher education sector is limited. Objectives This study explored the validity of the effort–reward imbalance model for explaining burnout, poor health, and academic productivity among university students. Design and Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional survey of Australian university students ( n = 395) from a range of universities. Results An imbalance of effort and reward was associated with poorer physical health, increased burnout, and reduced productivity. Effort–reward imbalance mediated a relationship between overcommitment and burnout; those high in overcommitment were more likely to experience an imbalance of effort and reward at university. Conclusion The relationships between effort–reward imbalance, health, burnout, and academic productivity support the generalizability of this model to the university setting. In addition, the personal characteristic of overcommitment also appears to have an important relationship with burnout.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing Effort and Rewards at University: Implications for Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes

2019

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“…Regression analyses of the sub-dimensions (Table 8) showed that OC was positively associated with emotional exhaustion, but it was negatively associated with inefficacy. From previous findings in academic settings (Fukuda et al, 2010;Laftman et al, 2014), it can be concluded that student OC has different impacts on general health, depending on characteristics of the student population, such as gender and level of schooling. As for engagement, our results are consistent with previous results based on workplace settings (Kinnunen et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Our fifth hypothesis was that OC would be positively related to the burnout of medical students. Although the relationship between OC and burnout has not been verified in academic settings, it was reported that middle school student OC was associated with somatic pain and poor health (Laftman, Modin, Ostberg, Hoven, & Plenty, 2014). In a sample of medical students, OC was positively correlated with trait anxiety (Hahn et al, 2017).…”

Section: Eri and Burnoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effort-Reward Imbalance Model to Study Engagement and Burnout: A Pilot Study

Hwang

Kim

Kwon

et al. 2019

JED

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Introduction: Medical students are motivated to engage actively in their studies. Yet at least 50% of medical students suffer from academic burnout. Using a social environmental perspective, this pilot study tested six hypotheses to account for medical student engagement and burnout via an effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model.Methods: This study measured ERI, over-commitment, engagement, burnout, negative affect, demographic variables, and test results during 2017. Seventy-nine medical students at a college of medicine in Seoul, Republic of Korea completed the online questionnaires (response rate: 20.73%). We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the effects of ERI ratio, over-commitment, and the interaction between ERI ratio and over-commitment on engagement and burnout after adjusting for demographic variables and negative affect.Results: The ERI ratio was negatively related to engagement (p < 0.05), but over-commitment was positively related to engagement (p < 0.05). For burnout, affiliation, age, and negative affect were significant predictors. The ERI ratio was positively associated with burnout (p < 0.05). When we performed regression analyses on three sub-dimensions of engagement and burnout, the factors that affected each sub-dimension were different.Discussion: This pilot study revealed that the ERI ratio in school settings is a common factor for explaining the engagement and burnout of medical students. In addition, over-commitment significantly accounted for engagement, but it did not significantly account for burnout. These results for over-commitment may be explained by the unique characteristics of medical students.

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“…Much of the research focuses on adult health, however, studies from several countries suggest that the decline in health and wellbeing is most apparent among adolescents and young adults. Adolescent girls and young women appear to be at greater risk of poor health and wellbeing than boys and young men [ 3 – 5 ], with studies showing that physical symptoms (e.g. headaches, tiredness) and emotional distress are increasing [ 6 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Health of Young, Australian Women: A Comparison of Two National Cohorts Surveyed 17 Years Apart

2015

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IntroductionVery little is known about the extent of physical health issues among young women in early adulthood and whether this is changing over time.MethodsWe used data from two national samples of young women aged 18–23 years, surveyed 17 years apart, who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. We used multinomial logistic regression to compare the women’s physical health (i.e., self-rated health, common symptoms and conditions) and identify whether sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and stress explained any physical health differences between the samples.ResultsWomen aged 18–23 years in 2013 (N = 17,069) were more likely to report poor self-rated health and physical symptoms (particularly urogenital and bowel symptoms) than women aged 18–23 years in 1996 (N = 14,247). Stress accounted for a large proportion of the physical health differences between the cohorts, particularly for allergies, headaches, self-rated health, severe tiredness, skin problems, severe period pain and hypertension.ConclusionsWomen’s health appears to be changing, with young women born in more recent decades reporting greater physical symptom levels. Changing socio-cultural and economic conditions may place pressure on young adults, negatively affecting their health and wellbeing. Assessing the extent to which social structures and health care policies are offering adequate support to young women may offer avenues for promoting positive health and wellbeing.

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Effort–reward imbalance in the school setting: Associations with somatic pain and self-rated health

Abstract: Students are more likely to experience stress-related ill-health when they perceive an imbalance between their effort and rewards. In addition, high overcommitment is associated with an increased risk of ill-health among students.

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Balancing Effort and Rewards at University: Implications for Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes

Balancing Effort and Rewards at University: Implications for Physical Health, Mental Health, and Academic Outcomes

An Effort-Reward Imbalance Model to Study Engagement and Burnout: A Pilot Study

Physical Health of Young, Australian Women: A Comparison of Two National Cohorts Surveyed 17 Years Apart

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