Effort-Shape and kinematic assessment of bodily expression of emotion during gait

Comparing the Kinetics of Movement while Expressing Different Emotions during the Korean Traditional Dance Movement Gam - ki

“…The time elapsed while performing the complete double-arm winding movement as well as that for each phase was shorter when trying to express A and J as compared to N, and slowest when trying to express S. This is consistent with the results from a previous study [2,3] on dance movements including walking. However, there was no significant difference in the elapsed time for P2 and p3 depending on the emotion expressed, which was normalized to the elapsed time of 1 cycle movement.…”

“…Wallbott [1] studied body movements while expressing 16 emotions and found that, while movement or posture characteristics related to the emotions seem to exist, the difference in movement between emotions can be partially explained by the activity range. Movements are faster, larger, and expanded for joy or anger, and are slower and smaller when satisfaction or sadness is expressed [1][2][3][4][5]. Gross [2] reported that although larger movements of the hip, shoulder, elbow, pelvis, and torso during "anger" or "joy" as compared to that during "sadness" can be explained by the speed of walking, the neck and chest flexion during "sadness", and body extension and shoulder drop during "joy" were not related to the speed of walking.…”

“…Moreover, there has been little effort made to identify the emotional characteristic factors that appear in each unit of movement or detailed phases through quantitative movement analysis. Few studies have been reported on walking [2], knocking [10], or drinking motion [11] with virtually none on the emotiondependent kinematic or kinetic characteristics of dance movements.…”

Novel Speech Motion Generation by Modeling Dynamics of Human Speech Production

“…Some researchers revealed that motion properties, e.g., magnitude and speed, vary by emotional states (Amaya et al, 1996;Michalak et al, 2009;Masuda and Kato, 2010;Gross et al, 2012). Consequently, we transformed independent variables j, d, and k in equation (1) to ω 0 , ξ, and ϕ in equation (10) so that the participants can intuitively change the speed and magnitude of the android's motions.…”

“…Unfortunately, since their method produced exaggerated gestures that cannot be expressed by humans, it is unsuitable for very humanlike androids. Other researchers have studied the relationship between motion characteristics and emotion in walking (Gross et al, 2012) and kicking (Amaya et al, 1996) motions. Such studies commonly conclude that the magnitude and speech of motion vary depending on the emotion.…”