“Effort” Thrombosis of the Axillary and Subclavian Veins

Trombose venosa da veia subclávia após fratura de clavícula: relato de caso

“…Effort Syndrome (Paget-Schroetter) was described at that time. This syndrome occurs as a result of repetitive effort in which demand is placed on the upper limb in positions of extreme abduction and lateral rotation, resulting in endothelial damage with the formation of a blood clot (9,10,14) . Deep vein thrombosis of the upper limb can be of idiopathic cause, and is generally associated with neoplasms.…”

“…The most common injury mechanism is falling onto the palm of the hand, or onto a point on the shoulder, or direct or indirect traumas associated with contact sports (1,3,8) . Deep vein thrombosis of the upper limbs involving the subclavian and/or axillary vein is rare compared with deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs, constituting 1-4% of deep vein thromboses of the limbs (9,10) . Few cases are cited in the orthopedic literature (11,12) .…”

Case Reports: Unusual Cause of Shoulder Pain in a Collegiate Baseball Player

“…More common causes of shoulder pain in overhead athletes include internal impingement, instability, superior labral damage, rotator cuff injury (partial or complete tears), bursitis, and impingement syndrome. Less common injuries include axillary artery thrombosis or occlusion, peripheral nerve injuries (quadrilateral space syndrome, axillary nerve injury, suprascapular nerve injury, and long thoracic nerve injury); compression syndromes; effortinduced thrombosis; and thoracic outlet syndrome [1,6,7,13,15,21,24,25,27,34,35,41,42].…”

“…Common shoulder problems in overhead athletes include rotator cuff injury (partial and complete tears), instability, secondary impingement, internal impingement, and superior labrum from anterior to posterior lesions [22,23,[28][29][30]. Less common causes of shoulder pain in the overhead athlete include nerve injuries to the suprascapular nerve [13,34], axillary nerve (including quadrilateral space syndrome) [6,15,39], and long thoracic nerve in addition to vascular problems including effort thrombosis of the axillary artery or vein [1,21,24,27,38,41] and thoracic outlet syndrome [7,10,25,35,42]. These neurovascular causes of shoulder pain can be difficult to diagnose and often require special diagnostic tests such as electromyography and arteriography [13,22,34,35].…”

Multiple Pulmonary Emboli With Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Effort Thrombosis and Effective Balloon Venoplasty of the Subclavian Vein.

“…Effort thrombosis occurs predominantly in young, active men and the right side is involved in approximately two-thirds of the patients. 2,5,6 Primary thrombosis of the subclavian vein was described by Paget in 1875 and Schroetter in 1884, and according to current understanding, the etiology of effort thrombosis is explained by an anatomic abnormality, such as cervical ribs, hypertrophied muscle and a muscular fascial band, that can cause compressive venous injury and become a secondary cause of stenotic remodeling of the venous hyperplasia. 7 The present patient had been a badminton player with forceful subclavian muscle use for 10 years since the age of 13.…”