Effortful control, interpretation biases, and child anxiety symptom severity in a sample of children with anxiety disorders

Raines, Elizabeth M.; Viana, Andres G.; Trent, Erika S.; Woodward, Emma C.; Candelari, Abigail E.; Zvolensky, Michael J.; Storch, Eric A.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102136

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In support of the second hypothesis, effortful control exerted a significant indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity on anxiety and depressive symptoms, accounting for 12-25% and 21-26% of the variance, respectively. These findings are consistent with research underscoring the influence of cognitive-affective factors on relations between temperamental regulatory abilities and anxiety and depressive symptoms (Gramszlo, Geronimi, Arellano, & Woodruff-Borden, 2018;Kotelnikova et al, 2015;Raines et al, 2019). Specifically, higher levels of effortful control may allow children to shift attention from, or inhibit, inaccurate thoughts about the dangers of anxiety-related sensations, which in turn, may lower emotional distress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A separate investigation reported that lower effortful control was associated with greater child anxiety symptoms, and that effortful control in the preschool years mediated the relation between infant behavioral inhibition and anxiety symptoms in early childhood (Niditch & Varela, 2018). Lower effortful control was also related to greater threat perceptions, which in turn, were related to more severe anxiety among clinically anxious children (Raines et al, 2019). Collectively, these findings align with theory suggesting that children's ability to regulate 'top-down' attentional capacities, generally, and effortful control, specifically, is inversely related to anxious psychopathology (Muris & Ollendick, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Greater effortful control (and its subcomponents) have been associated with lower psychopathology in clinical and community samples (Raines et al, 2019;White, McDermott, Degnan, Henderson, & Fox, 2011). Conversely, deficits in effortful control are positively associated with mental health difficulties (Eisenberg, Hofer, & Vaughan, 2007;Niditch & Varela, 2018), including anxiety and depression (e.g., Lonigan & Vasey, 2009;Muris & Ollendick, 2005;Niditch & Varela, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and child anxiety and depressive symptoms

Raines

Viana

Trent

et al. 2020

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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Introduction:The present study examined the underlying role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of clinically anxious children. It was hypothesized that effortful control would exert an indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity in relation to child anxiety and depressive symptoms.Method: Clinically anxious children (N = 105; M age = 10.09 years, SD = 1.22; 56.7% female; 61% ethnic minority) and their mothers completed a diagnostic interview and a battery of questionnaires that included self-and mother-ratings of child effortful control, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results:The indirect effect of effortful control via anxiety sensitivity on child anxiety and depressive symptoms was significant across child-and mother-completed measures.Discussion: Among clinically anxious youth, greater effortful control was related to lower anxiety sensitivity, which was related to lower anxiety and depressive symptoms. Future work should evaluate whether targeting effortful control leads to clinically meaningful reductions in anxiety sensitivity and child anxiety and depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and child anxiety and depressive symptoms

Raines

Viana

Trent

et al. 2020

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

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“…Two interrelated components of effortful control are attentional control, which refers to the capacity to focus and organize attention, and inhibition control, which refers to the ability to control conscious thought and to inhibit or delay a prepotent response [ 34 ]. Whereas low inhibition control has been hypothesized to predispose children to externalizing problems, low attention control has been proposed as a risk factor for internalizing problems including anxiety [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial and biological risk factors of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a TRAILS report

Narmandakh

Roest

Jonge

et al. 2020

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Anxiety disorders are a common problem in adolescent mental health. Previous studies have investigated only a limited number of risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders concurrently. By investigating multiple factors simultaneously, a more complete understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders can be reached. Therefore, we assessed preadolescent socio-demographic, familial, psychosocial, and biological factors and their association with the onset of anxiety disorders in adolescence. This study was conducted among 1584 Dutch participants of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Potential risk factors were assessed at baseline (age 10–12), and included socio-demographic (sex, socioeconomic status), familial (parental anxiety and depression), psychosocial (childhood adversity, temperament), and biological (body mass index, heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol) variables. Anxiety disorders were assessed at about age 19 years through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with onset of anxiety disorder as a dependent variable and the above-mentioned putative risk factors as predictors. Of the total sample, 25.7% had a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder at age 19 years. Anxiety disorders were twice as prevalent in girls as in boys. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR = 2.38, p < .01), parental depression and anxiety (OR = 1.34, p = .04), temperamental frustration (OR = 1.31, p = .02) and low effortful control (OR = 0.76, p = .01) independently predicted anxiety disorders. We found no associations between biological factors and anxiety disorder. After exclusion of adolescents with an onset of anxiety disorder before age 12 years, being female was the only significant predictor of anxiety disorder. Being female was the strongest predictor for the onset of anxiety disorder. Psychological and parental psychopathology factors increased the risk of diagnosis of anxiety, but to a lesser extent. Biological factors (heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, and BMI), at least as measured in the present study, are unlikely to be useful tools for anxiety prevention and intervention strategies.

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“… 1 1 Three publications from this dataset are currently in print and/or in press examining (a) direct and indirect effects of effortful control on child anxiety severity through child interpretation biases (Raines et al., 2019), (b) RSA as a moderator of the association between interpretation biases and child anxiety severity (Trent et al., 2019), and (c) RSA suppression as a moderator of the association between child anxiety sensitivity and fear downregulation (Viana et al., 2019). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation biases and depressive symptoms among anxiety‐disordered children: The role of individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia

Trent

Viana

Raines

et al. 2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Individual differences in interpretation biases—the tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening—partially explain the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms among anxious youth. Increasing efforts have examined physiological processes that influence the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in this population, and potential gender differences in this relationship. This study examined the moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) suppression (i.e., decrease from baseline)—an index of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity—in the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in clinically anxious youth. One‐hundred‐and‐five clinically anxious children (Mage = 10.09 years, SD = 1.22; 56.7% female; 61.9% racial/ethnic minority) completed measures of self‐reported and behaviorally indexed interpretation biases, reported anxiety/depression symptom severity, and participated in a speech task. RSA suppression during the task moderated the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptom severity in the total sample. Separate exploratory moderation analyses were conducted among girls and boys. Among girls, RSA suppression moderated the association between behaviorally indexed interpretation biases and depressive symptoms, and marginally moderated (p = .067) the association between self‐reported interpretation biases and depressive symptoms. Among boys, RSA suppression was not a significant moderator. These findings may help identify clinically anxious youth most at‐risk for comorbid depressive symptoms.

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Effortful control, interpretation biases, and child anxiety symptom severity in a sample of children with anxiety disorders

Cited by 19 publications

References 77 publications

The explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and child anxiety and depressive symptoms

The explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and child anxiety and depressive symptoms

Psychosocial and biological risk factors of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a TRAILS report

Interpretation biases and depressive symptoms among anxiety‐disordered children: The role of individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia

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