Eficiencia en el uso del agua de variedades de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) con sistema de riego subsuperficial

Abstract

RESUMENSe realizó un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar la eficiencia del agua de riego en la producción de materia seca y proteína cruda en cinco variedades de alfalfa y dos sistemas de riego, en Zacatecas. La siembra se realizó el 2 de febrero del 2012 bajo un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo de parcelas divididas y tres repeticiones. Los sistemas de riego evaluados fueron goteo sub-superficial (RGS) e inundación en melgas; y las variedades Silverado, Júpiter, 58n57, Excelente, y Gigante. El análisis estadístico fue en un diseño de parcelas divididas mediante el paquete estadístico SAS. La producción de materia seca (PMS) no se afectó por el sistema de riego (P>0.05), con una media para el total de cinco cortes de 15,561 y 14,121 kg ha -1 para los sistemas RGS e inundación; respectivamente. En cuanto a variedades solamente se encontraron diferencias (P <0.05) en el tercer corte para PMS, sobresaliendo Gigante y Júpiter con 4,638 y 4,263 kg ha -1 ; respectivamente. No hubo interacción entre riego*variedad (P >0.05). Los sistemas de riego no afectaron el porcentaje de proteína cruda y la producción de proteína cruda del forraje. El sistema RGS redujo en 44 % el volumen de agua aplicada en comparación al riego por inundación. Además en el mismo sentido incrementó la eficiencia del agua de riego en la producción de materia seca y proteína cruda del forraje en 49.2 y 50.9 % respectivamente. PALABRAS CLAVE: Alfalfa, Proteína cruda, Materia seca, Eficiencia hídrica. ABSTRACTA study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation water in the production of dry matter and crude protein in five varieties of alfalfa and two irrigation systems in Zacatecas. Planting date was on February 2012. Split plot design was used. Irrigation systems evaluated were subsurface drip (SSD) and basin flooding; and also the alfalfa varieties: Silverado, Jupiter, 58n57, Excellent and Giant. Statistical analysis performed was split plot using the SAS statistical package. The dry matter production (DMP) was not affected by the irrigation system (P >0.05), with an average for the total of five cuts of 15,561 and 14,121 kg ha -1 for SSD and basin flooding systems; respectively. As for varieties only differences (P <0.05) were found in the third cut to DMP, standing out Giant and Jupiter with 4,638 and 4,263 kg ha; respectively. There was no interaction between irrigation*variety (P>0.05). Irrigation systems did not affect the percentage of crude protein and crude protein production of forage. The SSD system reduced by 44 % the volume of water applied compared to the basin flooding. Moreover in the same way increased the efficiency of irrigation water in the production of dry matter and crude protein forage by 49.2 and 50.9 % respectively.

Agronomic Yield, Digestibility, and Protein Content of Nine Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Varieties in Central Valley Oaxaca Mexico

“…In the majority of the leguminous the green parts of alfalfa are rich in protein, and its ability to attach atmospheric nitrogen makes alfalfa an important crop for forage production and soil conservation [29]. The results in our study are similar to those obtained in a research study done in Zacatecas by Sánchez [30], who reported in average 20.1 % de PC, in the five varieties used, and below of the results obtained by Urbano [26] in Venezuela who reported a protein content of 22.7 % PC, Chocarro [31] 24 % PC in alfalfa prairies in the winter and [32] who report 25.5 % PC at 30 days cut, similar to the days of cut in our study, however, at 40 days they reported a lower content (18.4 % PC) and in our study during the winter the interval cut was 42 days the protein content was higher. The results found in our study were higher to the ones reported by Zhang [33] who evaluated twenty crops in China and their average results were 18.0 % PC.…”

Water use efficiency in four irrigation regimes in bulb onion production in the Alto Chicamocha Irrigation District

“…Agricultural production processes use 75% of available water, so proper use and conservation should be a priority, maintaining a productive and natural balance in hydrographic basins of high environmental interest (Ríos et al, 2016). Because climate change has led to water scarcity, agricultural production has resorted to new production strategies and irrigation management, reducing the amount of water applied without affecting yield, which include the modernization of irrigation systems, intermittent irrigation programs and even the use of new varieties resistant to water stress (Sánchez et al, 2017;Mai et al, 2019).…”