“…1 above, it can be seen that video conferencing applications like Zoom, Google Meet, Skype, Cisco WebEx, Discord, and Microsoft Team are used for synchronous online learning in English language classrooms in Indonesian schools and universities. Principally, those video conferencing applications have similar function, facilitating a two-way communication between teachers and their students, in the same time, engaging students with their classmates in a real-time basis (Atmojo & Nugroho, 2020;Kusuma, et al, 2021;Lie & Prijambodo, 2021;Putri & Sari, 2022). Zoom, Google Meet, Skype, Cisco WebEx, Discord, and Microsoft Team applications provide teachers with various supporting features such as screen sharing where teachers could display the materials on the screen to aid understanding, mics feature where teacher and students can talk as well as respond to each other, chat box where students can respond in a form of writing text and upload files.…”